__-_
XIX
XX
(1870 - 1923)
.
, 1863 . . ,
1870 - , ,
-
(" "), ,
.
XIX - XX .
, . , , , ,
, . , , , , ,
, . , , , - .
, , . , . ,
, , , .
70-80- .
, , , , , , , .
.
,
.
.
, .
.
,
(, , , , , , ).
1894 , . ,
, , , ,
.
"" 1881
,
" "
( ) 1898
" " 1878
, -
" "
1889, ,
" "
1876
""
1899
"-"
1880
""
1898
""
1897
" " 1918
" "
1897
"-"
1914-1916
"-"
1918
" " 1914
" "
, 1919
" "
1885-1896
" "
1885-1896
" "
1885-1896
" "
1885-1896
-----------------------------------------------------------
"ϸ I "
1871, ,
", " 1855, ,
" "
1854, ,
,
" " 1893,
,
" || " 1874
""
()
1891
" ?"
( )
1890
". . "
1875
"
"
1867
-----------------------------------------------------------
""
1890 - 1895
". "
1890 - 1895
" "
1881
""
1879
" "
1879
".
" 1890-1895
" "
1876
" . " 1887
"
" 1882
""
1876 - 1890
" . ."
1891
""
1890-1895
""
1880
" " 1882
". "
1885 - 1890
-----------------------------------------------------------
" " 1872
,
"" 1883
,
" " 1873
,
" |||" 1886
, -
""
1874
""
1876
" "
1880
"
" 1869
"
" 1873
" " 1873
" " 1885
" "
1881
" "
1884
"" ( )
1871
-----------------------------------------------------------
" "
1898
" "
1892
" "
1892
" "
1894
""
1895
""
1895
" "
1895
". "
1889
". "
1883
""
1892
" " 1896
" . "
1897
" . "
1889
" "
1885-1889
-----------------------------------------------------------
"" 1883
,
" " 1887
,
" " 1900
,
"" 1889-1891
,
" "
1889
" "
1893
" Ը"
""
1882
" "
1905-1906
" "
1870
" "
1908
". " 1900
" "
1895
-----------------------------------------------------------
" "
1890
" "
1889-1890
" " (..) 1923
" "
1888
" " 1914
" "
1905
" "
1904
""
1888-1889
" "
1905
" "
1897
" (. .)" 1917
" " 1899
" "
1895
""
1914
"
.." 1906
""
1915
"
" 1940
" " 1899
""
1922
-----------------------------------------------------------
" , " 1862, ,
". - " 1866,
" " 1868
,
"" 1873
,
""
1875-1879
"
. . " 1872
""
1870
"
. . " 1871
"- " 1864
" " 1868
" "
1871
""
1871
" "
1865
"
" 1861
-----------------------------------------------------------
" " 1881
,
" " 1884
,
""
1865
""
1872
" 1812 "
1874
" "
1893
-----------------------------------------------------------
" "
1870-1873
", "
18781891
" "
1900
" "
""
1884
" "
1884-1888
""
1881
"
" 1885
" " 1883
" " 1883
""
1882
" "
1878-1879
""
1876
" "
1872
-----------------------------------------------------------
"
( )" 1887
" II"
1900,
""
1905,
" . "
1888,
" " 1901
,
,
" "
1880-, , ,
"
" 1899
"
" 1895
" " 1911
". " 1899
" " 1902
" I"
1907
" " 1897
" "
1905
" . " 1909
" "
1910
""
1898
". "
1895
" "
1910
-----------------------------------------------------------
C
" " 1891 , -
" " 1912
" " 1881 ,
" " 1887 ,
" " 1907
" " 1899
"
" 1883
" "
1887
" " 1909
" "
1884
" "
1887
" "
( ) 1891
" "
1874
" "
1895
-----------------------------------------------------------