" - , ":- , .
1 - (.. )
2 -
3 - .
4 - ()
5 -
6 - (2)
7 -
8 - ( )
9 -
10 -
11 -
12 -
13 - ()
14 - !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
15 -
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, – .
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-
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– . .
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, , , , :
Hvi er gvll kallat sa Kraka? Konvngr ei iDanmork er nefndr Hrolfr kraki. Hann var agtaztr fornkonvnga, fyrst af mildi ok frknleik ok litillti.
:
Hv er gull kallat s kraka? Konungr einn Danmrk er nefndr Hrlfr kraki. Hann var gtastr fornkonunga, fyrst af mildi ok frknleik ok ltillti. (« », « »).
, XIII : , , b, d, , , , f, g, h, i, , j, k, l, m, n, o, , p, r, s, t, u, , v, x, y, , z, , (), , (), ().
(, ) . :
1. , , u a (, ss ‘Ac’, ss).
2. , (, ‘’), (, ra ‘’).
3. j, i (, vinr ‘’), (, fylgia ‘’).
4. u (, fullr ‘’) (, huat ‘’).
5. i u, e o (, mlte ‘’, mlti; tko ‘’, tku).
, :
— .
— o . ( ) ( u ).
b — - ( ).
d — ( ).
— ( th this).
— .
— .
f — - ( ) , (, f ‘’, offra ‘ ’, tylf ‘’); - ( ) (, haf ‘’, gefa ‘’, alfr ‘’, efni ‘’, vefja ‘’).
g — ( ) , (, ganga ‘’, angra ‘’, liggja ‘’); ( ‘ ’ . .) (, dagr ‘’, Helga ‘’, fegar ‘ ’, margr ‘’).
h — ( h house h Haus).
i — i. , -, . e.
— i.
j — ( ).
k — ( ).
l — ( , l).
m — - ( ).
n — ( ).
— .
( )— .
— - ( ); t s - ( ), , opt ‘’, lrept ‘’.
r — ( ).
s — ( ).
t — ( ).
u — u ( ). , -, . o.
— u ( ).
v — - ( ). - ( w).
— k s.
, — i ( ber).
z — ts ( ).
— ( th thick).
— . ( ).
— e ( bse knnen). XIII .
— , , ( knnen), XIII . .
() — . III . — , , u a.
ei, au, , — , , e + i, a + u e + .,.. .
. , : a, , e, , i, , o, , u, , y, , , , , .
, : e, , i, , y, , , , , , . . a, , o, , u, , — . : a — e, — , o — , — , u — y, — , — .
a, e, i, o, u, y, , , , , , , , , . : a — , e — , i — , o — , u — , y — , — . . , , , -, i — , u — , y — .
, e e, , o o, . , : — — .
a, e, , i, , , o, , u, , y, , , , . , , i — y, — , e — , a — , , — . , , .
« » XII . XIII , , , -, . , .
, . :
1. ( , , — , ). XIII , .
2. , , , . , , , g.
3. - . - , . . f v, (, , vr ‘’ fr ‘’). f v. f ( fr), (, haf ‘’, gefa ‘’), v . , , , , - , , -, - v, , - w, . , f , v — . -, XIII v ( , , hvat). , u v.
4. XIII - , p, , -, p ( t s).
5. x (k s).
6. b, d, g, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t bb, dd, gg, kk, ll, mm, nn, pp, rr, ss, tt, - . , : vrr ‘’ vr ‘’, varr ‘’ var ‘’; mann . . mar ‘’ man ‘’; viggr ‘’ vigr ‘’; drekka ‘’ dreka . . dreki ‘’; fella ‘’ fela ‘’; ss ‘’ s . . . . ss; ntt ‘’ nt ‘’; amma ‘’ ama ‘’.
, : b, bb, d, dd, f, g, gg, h, j, k, kk, l, ll, m, mm, n, nn, p, pp, r, rr, s, ss, t, tt, v, z, .
f, h, k, kk, p, pp, s, ss, t, tt, z b, bb, d, dd, g, gg, j, l, ll, m, mm, n, nn, r, rr, v. , : f — v, k — g, kk — gg, p — b, pp — bb, t — d, tt — dd. ( ) .
b, bb, d, dd, k, kk, m, mm, n, nn, p, pp, t, tt, z f, h, j, l, ll, s, ss, v, . z. g p .
f, l, ll, m, mm, n, nn, r, rr , , n, nn, m, mm , . , v .
b, bb, f, m, mm, p, pp, v; d, dd, l, ll, n, nn, r, rr, s, ss, t, tt, z, ; j; k, kk, g, gg; — h.
, , . , : for-, fyr-, fyrir- (, for- fyrirbja ‘’). (, f-, for-, -), -, . , . lfr (lafr) leifr (leifr) nulaiba.
, , , , (, -ing-, -ung-, -and-, -ind-).
, . . , . .
, , . . ( ).
- 1 . ::
( . . -. .,
An Icelandic-English dictionary / by Richard Cleasby and Gudbrand Vigfusson, M.A. ,
© Tim Stridmann)
_________________________________
-!!!
Ignis ubique latet,naturam amplectitur omnem;Cuncta parit!
abracadabra77771
.
:
: 9457
: 4346
: 2011-04-11
: 41
: 1971-06-12
.: 26324
: Re: 31, 2012 2:08 am
2
.
a () 'man' ( ): land
a () 'father': maur
a ( 'ng' 'nk') 'ou' 'house': banki
'ou' 'house': lta
e () 'met': selja
e () 'ea' 'bear': bera
'ye' 'yet': ta
i () 'hit': hitta
i () 'hit' : bila
i ( 'ng' 'nk') 'ee' 'seen', : hringja
'ee' 'seen': lta
o () 'not': foss
o () 'aw' 'saw': sofa
'o' 'sole': sl
u () 'eu' 'deux': munnur
u () , , : sumar
u ( 'ng' 'nk') 'oo' 'moon', : ungur
'oo' 'moon': spa
y , 'i' '': lyfta
, 'i' '': sna
'i' 'mile': mla
() '' 'ur' 'urgent', : hgg
() 'ur' 'urgent': vr
au 'feuille', 'oy' 'boy': aumur
ei 'ay' 'day': heim
ey 'ay' 'day': leysa
:
.
, :
p, t, k + r, j, v (, pr, tr ..).
, , .
b , : ba
d , : dttir
f
, : fara
, 'v': hafa
'l' 'n' 'b': gafl, nafn
g
, 'good': gur
, 'i' 'j', g 'sagen': saga, sagi
, 'i' 'j' 'y' 'yet': magi, segja
h : ha
hv 'qu' 'quick': hva
j 'y' 'yes': j
k : kaup
kk : ekkert (ehh-kert)
kl : afkla
kn : askn
l : laun
ll 'ttl' 'settle', 't' ( 'dl'): sll
m : me
n : nei
nn
'', '', '', '', '', '', 'au', 'ei', 'ey' 'dn': steinn
'nn' : finna
p ; 's', 'k', 't' 'f': skips, dpka, dpt
pp : sloppur
pl : depla
pn : opna
r , : far
rl 'll': karl
rn 'nn': barn
s 'mouse': ms
t : takk
tt : htta
tl : betla
tn : batna
v : vi
x : buxur
z 's' 'sun': verzlun
'th' 'thin': unnur
'th' 'breathe'; : staa
.
:
1. '-', '-' ''. EX: hreinindi
2. 'all-', '' ''. EX: allfeginn
.
( Vaeringjar)
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1. , . . .
2. , .
3. . “” ( , , ). .
4. , . , .
5. - – - .
6. ( – , – ) , . , .
7. .4-6, , – .
8. , .
9. . , 6 . , (, “”, “”)
10. , , .
11. “” ( , ). .
12. . -, . , , , – , – .
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Fehu |
F |
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Uruz |
U |
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Thurisaz |
TH |
, "th", |
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Ansuz |
A |
a "" |
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Raidho |
R |
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Kenaz |
K or C |
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Gebo |
G |
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Wunjo |
W or V |
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Hagalaz |
H |
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Nauthiz |
N |
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Isa |
I |
" |
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Jera |
J or Y |
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Eihwaz "-" |
EI |
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Perthro |
P |
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Algiz |
Z or -R |
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Sowilo |
S |
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Tiwaz |
T |
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Berkano |
B |
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Ehwaz |
E |
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Mannaz |
M |
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Laguz |
L |
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Ingwaz |
NG |
"", |
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Dagaz |
D |
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Othala |
O |
o |
Algiz -R ( ) , Z, - , - , ,
, . , "--" , ( , , ), .
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( ) |
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-
-
-
-
-
- , ""
-
-
- , ""
-
-
-
- , "", ,
-
-
- , ""
-
-
- , ""
-
- , ""
-
- , ""
- , ""
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1.
1.1
( ). .
[i] — i, "" .
[ɪ] — i, i big.
[ʏ] — [ɪ], ü hübsch.
[ε] — e, "" .
[œ] — e [ε], ö öffnen.
[a] — "" .
[u] — "" .
[o] — , o so.
[ɔ] — , "o" .
1.2
[au:] = [a] + [u] — ow how.
[ou:] = [o] + [u] — o home.
[εi:] = [ε] + [i]— "".
[ai:] = [a] + [i] — "" .
[œi:] = [œ] + [i] — "euille" feuille.
[au], [ou], [εi], [ai], [œi] - . , ":" , . , , : , [au] [a]. .
1.3
1.3.1
[p]- ""
[pʰ] - "" (), "pay"
[ʰp] - "" () = [hp]
[t] - ""
[tʰ] - "" , "take"
[ʰt] - "" () = [ht]
[k] - ""
[kʰ] - "" , "cat"
[ʰk] - "" () =[hk]
[c] – () [], "" ""
[cʰ] - [c] c
[ʰc] - [c] () =[hc]
1.3.2 ()
[f] - ""
[ð]- th this
[θ] - th thick
[s] - ""
[x] - ""
[ɣ] - "", "" "", " "
[h] - h have
[j] - ""
[ç] - ch ich.
1.3.3
[m]- ""
[m̥] - [m]
[n] - ""
[n̥] - [n]
[ɲ] – [n], gn ganger ñ mañana. ""
[ɲ̥] [ɲ]
[ŋ] - ng sing
[ŋ̥] [ŋ]
[l] - l lamp
[l̥] - [l]
[r] - ""
[r̥] - [r]
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