From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Iron Man
Theatrical Poster
Directed by	Jon Favreau
Produced by	Avi Arad Kevin Feige
Written by	Screenplay: John August (uncredited) Mark Fergus Hawk Ostby Arthur Marcum Matthew Hollaway Comic Book: Stan Lee Larry Lieber Don Heck Jack Kirby
Starring	Robert Downey Jr. Terrence Howard Jeff Bridges Gwyneth Paltrow
Music by	Ramin Djawadi
Cinematography	Matthew Libatique
Editing by	Dan Lebental
Distributed by	Paramount Pictures
Release date(s)	May 2, 2008
Running time	126 min.
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$140 million[1]
Gross revenue	Domestic: $289.7 million Worldwide: $537.2 million
Official website
Allmovie profile
IMDb profile

Iron Man is a 2008 superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Directed by Jon Favreau, the film stars Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark, a billionaire industrialist and master engineer who builds a powered exoskeleton and becomes the technologically advanced superhero, Iron Man. Gwyneth Paltrow plays his personal assistant Pepper Potts, Terrence Howard plays military liaison James Rhodes and Jeff Bridges plays the villainous Obadiah Stane who becomes Iron Monger.

The film was in development from 1990 at Universal Studios, 20th Century Fox, and New Line Cinema, before Marvel Studios reacquired the rights in 2006. Marvel put the project in production as their first self-financed film. Favreau signed on as director, aiming for a naturalistic feel, and he chose to shoot the film primarily in California, rejecting the East Coast setting of the comics to differentiate the film from numerous superhero movies set in New York City-esque environments. During filming, the actors were free to create their own dialogue because preproduction was focused on the story and action. Rubber and metal versions of the armors, created by Stan Winston's company, were mixed with computer-generated imagery to create the title character.

Marvel and Paramount Pictures, the distributor, planned a $50 million marketing campaign for the film, which is modeled on Paramount's successful promotion of Transformers (2007); Hasbro and Sega will sell merchandise, and product placement deals were made with Audi, Burger King, LG and 7-Eleven. Reviews have been overwhelmingly positive, particularly praising Downey's performance. The film's stars have signed on for two sequels, the first of them scheduled for release on April 30, 2010, and Downey also cameod as Stark in The Incredible Hulk.

[edit] Plot

During a business trip to Afghanistan to demonstrate Stark Industries' new weapon, the "Jericho" cluster missile, Tony Stark's convoy is attacked. One of his own company's bombs lands near him and explodes. The blast causes him to lose consciousness and embeds several pieces of shrapnel in his chest, one fragment dangerously close to his heart. Approximately 36 hours earlier Tony was supposed to receive an award, but his partner collected it instead. Meanwhile Tony is at a casino gambling, and upon leaving is interviewed by a news reporter, after which they end up having a one-night stand in Tony's bed. In the morning she wakes up and is confronted by Pepper Potts, Tony's assistant, who tells her that Tony is away on a trip to Afghanistan, flashing back to the film's beginning where he gets knocked unconscious by the bomb that exploded in front of him. He wakes up some time later with an electromagnet attached to his chest. Hooked up to a car battery, the electromagnet keeps the shrapnel from entering his heart and killing him.

Stark has been captured by the terrorist group Ten Rings, who order him to build a Jericho missile for them. Instead, he and fellow captive Dr. Yinsen secretly build a crude but strong power armor fueled by a miniature "arc reactor", a smaller version of a power source previously invented by Stark. The arc reactor supplies energy to an electromagnet which prevents embedded shrapnel from reaching Stark's heart, which would kill him. Dr. Yinsen is killed in the ensuing escape attempt when he stalls the guards to buy Stark enough time to power up the suit. Using the suit, Stark kills several terrorists, destroys their weapons stockpile, and escapes, though his suit is destroyed as he crash lands in the desert. Upon being picked up by the Air Force and returning to the United States, Stark declares that his company will, for the time being, no longer manufacture weapons. His father's friend and business partner, Obadiah Stane, tells him that this move is blocked by the board members shortly after.

Stark retreats from public view, focusing on the design of his power suit, refining its size and flight capability. He asks Pepper to help him take his old arc reactor out and to put in a new one. During his first public appearance since his return to the United States, he is accosted by the female reporter from earlier, who shows him pictures of Stark Industries weapons in the hands of terrorist groups, including the Jericho missiles he refused to build for them. He also discovers that Stane has been "dealing under the table", supplying weapons to both the U.S. troops and the terrorists, as well as being the one to shut Stark out of the board while he recovers. Faced with the realization of what his company has done, Stark dons the power suit and flies to Afghanistan, rescuing Yinsen's village from the Ten Rings. In destroying their weapon stockpiles, he accidentally draws the attention of the United States Air Force and his friend and company military liaison, Lieutenant Colonel James Rhodes. Two F-22 Raptors are ordered to take out the unknown target, and during the confrontation one of the Raptors loses its left wing when it accidentally collides with Stark. The pilot ejects shortly afterwards, but his parachute jams. Realizing this, Stark dives down to help the pilot release his parachute before escaping.

Determined to make amends for his mistakes, Stark sends Potts to find the shipping records of Stark Industries, so he can track down the illicit shipments and destroy them. While hacking into the system, she discovers that it was Stane who hired the Ten Rings to kill Stark, but they had reneged on the deal when they realized who the target was. She also discovers that Stane has recovered the power suit prototype and has reverse engineered his own version. However, his team of scientists, not possessing Stark's genius, cannot engineer the miniature arc reactor to power the new suit.

Stane, upon realizing Potts's discovery, steals Stark's own arc reactor from his chest to power his new suit, leaving Stark to die. Using his first reactor, which was not designed to power his latest armor, Stark battles with Stane atop Stark Industries and the surrounding streets, defeating him when the full-sized arc reactor that powers the lab is deliberately overloaded by Potts. Afterwards, Stark's alter ego is dubbed "Iron Man" by the press. Stark holds a press conference where his S.H.I.E.L.D. contacts advise him to state that Iron Man is Stark's bodyguard (the cover story used for years in the comics). However, he instead announces that he actually is Iron Man.

After the ending credits, Stark arrives home and is greeted by a mysterious visitor standing by the window. He reveals himself as Nick Fury, Director of S.H.I.E.L.D., warns him that he is not the only 'super hero' in the world, and mentions the "Avenger Initiative".

[edit] Cast

Robert Downey Jr. plays Anthony "Tony" Stark / Iron Man: A billionaire industrialist, genius inventor, and consummate playboy, he is CEO of Stark Industries, a chief weapons manufacturer for the U.S. military. The son of a Manhattan Project engineer, Howard Stark, Stark is an engineering prodigy, having built a circuit board at 4 years old and an engine at 6 years old, as well as graduating from MIT summa cum laude at the age of 17, shortly after which he inherited Stark Industries following his parents' deaths. He builds a suit of power armor to escape his Afghan captors after being kidnapped while performing a weapons test in the country and decides to help mankind as Iron Man.

Favreau had planned to cast a newcomer in the role,^[2] but ultimately chose Downey (a fan of the comic)^[3] because he felt the actor's past made him an appropriate choice for the part. "The best and worst moments of Robert's life have been in the public eye," the director explained. "He had to find an inner balance to overcome obstacles that went far beyond his career. That's Tony Stark. Robert brings a depth that goes beyond a comic book character who is having trouble in high school, or can't get the girl."^[3] Favreau also felt Downey could make Stark a "likable asshole", but also depict an authentic emotional journey once he won over the audience.^[4]

Downey had an office next to Favreau during pre-production, which allowed him greater involvement in the screenwriting process.^[5] He brought a deeper sense of humor to the film not present in previous drafts of the script.^[6] He explained, "What I usually hate about these [superhero] movies [is] when suddenly the guy that you were digging turns into Dudley Do-Right, and then you're supposed to buy into all his 'Let's go do some good!' That Eliot Ness-in-a-cape-type thing. What was really important to me was to not have him change so much that he's unrecognizable. When someone used to be a schmuck and they're not anymore, hopefully they still have a sense of humor."^[7] To prepare, Downey spent five days a week weight training and practiced martial arts to get into shape,^[3] which benefitted him because "it's hard not to have a personality meltdown [...] after about several hours in that suit. I'm calling up every therapeutic moment I can think of to just get through the day."^[8]

Howard preparing for the role by riding an F-16 flight simulator

Terrence Howard plays Lt. Colonel James "Rhodey" Rhodes: A pilot friend of Stark, and the liaison between Stark Industries and the military in the department of acquisitions. Favreau cast Howard because he felt he could play War Machine in a sequel.^[9] Howard prepared for the role by visiting Nellis Air Force Base on March 16, 2007, where he ate with the pilots and observed HH-60 Pave Hawk rescue helicopters and F-22 Raptors.^[10] While Rhodes is roguish in the comics after he met Stark, his earlier disciplinarian character forms a dynamic with Stark, and he is unsure whether or not Stark's actions are acceptable. "Rhodey is completely disgusted with the way Tony has lived his life, but at a certain point he realizes that perhaps there is a different way," Howard said. "Whose life is the right way; is it the strict military life, or the life of an independent?"^[8]

Howard and his father are Iron Man fans, partly because Rhodes was one of the few black superheroes when he was a child.^[11] He was a Downey fan since he saw him in Weird Science, and they competed physically on set: "Robert and his competitive ass almost tore my shoulder trying to keep up with him. Because I'm forty or fifty pounds heavier than him, so I'm in there lifting and I pushed up about 225 and knocked it out ten times. Robert wanted to go about 235, and he did it. So I'm going to push it up to about 245. I took him out running and gave him some nice cramps. He couldn't walk after a couple of days."^[12]

Jeff Bridges plays Obadiah Stane: Stark's second-in-command, who wants control of the company. When Stark declares he will no longer manufacture arms, Stane steals the blueprints for the Mark I armor to create his own, bigger version. Bridges read the comics as a boy and liked Favreau's modern, realistic approach. He shaved his hair and grew a gray beard for the role, which was something he had wanted to do for some time. Bridges googled the Book of Obadiah, and he was surprised to learn retribution is a major theme in that particular book of the Bible, something which Stane represents.^[13] The character was called Iron Monger in the comics when he used his armor, but the codename is only referenced in the film when Stane describes himself and Stark as "iron mongers".

Gwyneth Paltrow plays Virginia "Pepper" Potts: Stark's personal secretary and budding love interest. Paltrow asked Marvel to send her any comics that they would consider relevant to her understanding of the character, which she considered to be very smart, levelheaded, and grounded. She said she liked "the fact that there's a sexuality that's not blatant." Favreau wanted Potts' and Stark's relationship to be reminiscent of a 1940s comedy, something which Paltrow considered to be fun in a sexy yet innocent way.^[14]

Shaun Toub plays Dr. Yinsen: Stark's fellow captive in Afghanistan. He is a surgeon who has traveled the world and was kidnapped by the Ten Rings terrorist group. He saves Stark from death when Stark was injured by shrapnel, and uses an electromagnet to suspend the shards he couldn't remove, lest they cause fatal damage to Stark's heart. He assists Stark in creating the Mark I and keeping it a secret from their captors. He also acts as Stark's mentor, showing him humility during their time together, and his death being one of the principal reasons behind Stark's decision to change the direction of his company. In the comics, Yinsen is Chinese and a physicist, but in the film, he comes from an Afghan village called Gulmira.

Faran Tahir plays Raza: A terrorist hired by Stane to kill Stark, who then orders Stark to build a Stark Industries missile system for his organization, the Ten Rings. Tahir is a fan of the comics,^[13] and wanted to bring humanity to the henchman. "I tried to find ways to show that although he may be the bad guy, there might be a moment or just a hint of vulnerability at times, where he hasn't made the right calculations or there's a certain amount of doubt. Jon was very receptive to that kind of layering."^[15]

Paul Bettany voices J.A.R.V.I.S.: Stark's personal AI, which assists him in the construction and programming of the Iron Man suit. The name of the character is a reference to the comic book character Edwin Jarvis, Stark's butler. Bettany did the part as a favor to Favreau (whom he worked with in Wimbledon) and claimed he did not know what film he was recording the lines for during his two-hour recording session.^[16]

Leslie Bibb plays Christine Everhart: A Vanity Fair columnist whom Stark sleeps with before he leaves for Afghanistan. Later, she appears again, to tell Stark of the Ten Rings in Gulmira and at the end, suspecting Stark of being Iron Man.

Clark Gregg appears throughout the film as Agent Coulson of S.H.I.E.L.D.,^[17] and Samuel L. Jackson appears as their head Nick Fury following the credits. Jackson has previously 'appeared' as the version of Nick Fury used in Marvel's Ultimate Marvel imprint.^[18] Other cameos include Iron Man co-creator Stan Lee (whom Stark mistakes for Hugh Hefner at a party),^[19] and director Jon Favreau as Stark's bodyguard/chauffeur Happy Hogan.^[6] Audioslave and Rage Against the Machine guitarist Tom Morello, who provides additional guitar music for the film, has a brief cameo as a guard.^[20] Jim Cramer, star of CNBC's Mad Money also appeared as himself, commenting on the investment opportunities ("Sell, Sell, Sell") of Stark Industries.^[21] Rapper Ghostface Killah cameoed in a scene where Stark briefly stays in Dubai while returning to Afghanistan, but it was cut from the theatrical release for pacing reasons.^[22]

[edit] Production

[edit] Development

In April 1990, Universal Studios bought the rights to develop Iron Man for the big screen.^[23] Stuart Gordon was to direct Universal's low-budget film.^[8] By February 1996, 20th Century Fox acquired the rights from Universal.^[24] In January 1997, actor Nicolas Cage expressed interest in being cast for the lead role,^[25] and in September 1998, actor Tom Cruise had expressed interest in producing as well as starring in the film debut of Iron Man.^[26] Jeff Vintar and Iron Man co-creator Stan Lee co-wrote a story which Vintar adapted into a screenplay. Jeffrey Caine (GoldenEye) rewrote Vintar's script.^[27] Director Quentin Tarantino was approached in October 1999 to write and direct Iron Man.^[28] With no deal made, Fox eventually sold the rights to New Line Cinema the following December.^[29] By July 2000, the film was being written for the studio^[30] by Ted Elliott, Terry Rossio,^[27] and Tim McCanlies.^[31] McCanlies's script used the idea of an Ultimate Nick Fury cameo to set up his own film.^[27] New Line entered talks with Joss Whedon, a fan of the character Iron Man, in June 2001 for the possibility of the director taking the helm.^[32] In December 2002, McCanlies had turned in a completed script.^[33]

In December 2004, the studio attached director Nick Cassavetes to the project for a target 2006 release.^[35] After two years of unsuccessful development, and the deal with Cassavetes falling through, New Line Cinema returned the film rights to Marvel. Screenplay drafts had been written by Alfred Gough, Miles Millar and David Hayter, but they were not retained. New Line's script pitted Iron Man against his father, who becomes War Machine.^[36] In November 2005, Marvel Studios worked to start development from scratch,^[37] and announced it as their first independent feature, as Iron Man was their only major character not depicted in live action.^[5]

In April 2006, Jon Favreau became the film's director, with Arthur Marcum and Matt Holloway writing the script.^[38] Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby worked separately, with Favreau compiling both team's scripts,^[39] and the script received a polish by John August.^[40] Comic book staff Mark Millar, Brian Michael Bendis, Joe Quesada, Tom Brevoort, Axel Alonso and Ralph Macchio were also summoned by Favreau to give advice on the script.^[41]

Favreau had wanted to work with Marvel producer Avi Arad on another film after the Daredevil adaptation.^[5] Favreau celebrated getting the job by going on a diet, and lost seventy pounds.^[8] The director found the opportunity to create a politically ambitious "ultimate spy movie" in Iron Man, citing inspiration from Tom Clancy, James Bond and RoboCop.^[42] Favreau also described his approach as similar to an independent film, "[i]f Robert Altman had directed Superman",^[5] and also cited Batman Begins as an inspiration.^[43] He wanted to make Iron Man a story of an adult man literally reinventing himself, and realizing the world is far more complex than he believes.^[44] Favreau changed the Vietnam War origin of the character to Afghanistan, as he did not want to do a period piece.^[9]

Choosing a villain was difficult, because Favreau felt Iron Man's archnemesis, the Mandarin, would not feel realistic, especially after Mark Millar gave his opinion on the script.^[41] He felt only in a sequel, with an altered tone, would the fantasy of the Mandarin's rings be appropriate.^[45] The decision to push him into the background is comparable to Sauron in The Lord of the Rings,^[43] and Palpatine in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope.^[45] Favreau also wanted Iron Man to face a giant enemy. The switch from Mandarin to Obadiah Stane was done after Bridges was cast.^[22] Stane was intended to become a villain in the sequel.^[41] Crimson Dynamo was also a villain in early drafts in the script.^[6]

[edit] Filming

Production was based in the former Hughes Company soundstages in Playa Vista, Los Angeles, California.^[46] Favreau rejected the East Coast setting of the comic books as many superhero films were set there, and he wanted to avoid repetition in his film.^[9] Hughes was one of the inspirations for the comic book, and the filmmakers acknowledged the coincidence that they would film Iron Man creating the flying Mark III where the Hughes H-4 Hercules "Spruce Goose" was built.^[13]

Filming began on March 12, 2007,^[47] with the first few weeks spent on Stark's captivity in Afghanistan.^[48] The cave where Stark is imprisoned was a 150-200 yard (150-200 m) long set, which was built with movable forks in the caverns to allow greater freedom for the film's crew.^[9] Production designer J. Michael Riva saw footage of a Taliban fighter in Afghanistan, and saw the cold breath as he spoke: realizing remote caves are actually very cold, Riva placed an air conditioning system in the set. He also sought Downey's advice about make-shift objects in prison, such as a sock being used to make tea. All this created greater authenticity.^[13] Afterwards, Stark's capture was filmed at Lone Pine, and other exterior scenes in Afghanistan were filmed at Olancha Sand Dunes. There, the crew had to endure two days of 40 to 60-mile an hour (60 to 100 km/h) winds.^[13]

Filming at Edwards Air Force Base began in mid-April,^[49] and was completed on May 2.^[50] Exterior shots of Stark's home were digitally composited on footage of Point Dume in Malibu,^[22] while the interior was built at Playa Vista, where Favreau and Riva aimed to make Stark's home look less futuristic and more "grease monkey".^[13] Filming concluded on June 25, 2007 at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada.^[51] Favreau, a newcomer to action films, remarked "I'm shocked that I [was] on schedule. I thought that there were going to be many curveballs." He hired "people who are good at creating action", so "the human story [felt] like it belongs to the comic book genre".^[8]

There was much improvisation in dialogue scenes, because the script was not completed when filming began (the filmmakers had focused on the story making sense and planning the action). Favreau acknowledged that improvisation would make the film feel more natural. Some scenes were shot with two cameras to capture lines said on the spot. Multiple takes were done, as Downey wanted to try something new each time.^[22] It was Downey's idea to have Stark hold a news conference on the floor,^[8] and he created the speech Stark makes when demonstrating the "Jericho".^[4]

Brian Michael Bendis wrote three pages of dialogue for the Nick Fury cameo scene, with the filmmakers choosing the best lines for filming.^[41] The cameo was filmed with a skeleton crew in order to keep it a secret, but rumours appeared on the Internet only days later. Marvel Studios's Kevin Feige subsequently ordered the scene removed from all preview prints in order to maintain the surprise and keep fans guessing.^[52]

[edit] Effects

A scale model of the "Iron Monger" suit

Favreau wanted the film to be believable by showing the construction of the suit in its three stages.^[9] Stan Winston, a fan of the comic book, and his company built metal and rubber versions of the armors. They had previously worked on Favreau's Zathura.^[13] Favreau's main concern with the effects was whether the transition between the computer-generated and practical costumes would be too obvious.^[53] Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) was hired to create the bulk of the visual effects with additional work being completed by The Orphanage and The Embassy; Favreau trusted ILM after seeing Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End and Transformers.^[13]

The Mark I design was intended to look like it was built from spare parts: particularly, the back is less armored than the front, as Stark would use his re