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( Middle East Quarterly 2013)





, , . , , , . 2010 , . [1]
. . , , 25 [2], ()[3] [4] .




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. 4.41 1964 [13] , (. . 2), 1964 1987 37.2 . [14] , 1995 2012 41.6 , 30.6 , 2012 1955 . ( 2013 2012 4.6%.-).
36.4 1000 1998 24.7 2012. 3.37 1000 1995 2.69 2010, 2.78 1000 2012.

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: , 2012, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator , , (), .


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. 3 , 0 4 26.7 , 1.9 . [17]. , 68.2 72.8 , 70.7 75.6 .
. 3 , , , , .



. 3. , 2012 .
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2012 81,600 21 (86,300 ), : 125,492 (130,460 ), 2012 . , 2012 31,100 21 40,080 .
9 , 41,300 , 98,100 , .. 2.38 . , , 3.13 . ( 2013 3. 24 .-).
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. 65+ 2012 88.5 (91.8 ) 8.2 . , , 2012 45-75 , 65+ 2032 , 81 (86.5 ), 13.5 , .. 64.8 , 2012 . 65+ , 75.5 , 6 2012 10.5 2032. , 10 , , , - . - (, . .) , .
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: , , 2012 ., . 3.1; , 2013 .

2008 2011 30 .[20] .
2010 15 169 HDI (Human Development Index ) , , .[21] HDI , , ( 6,500,000) HDI, .[22]
2000-2010 284,907 44,639 .[23] , 87 HDI , 59.4 , 10.2 4.1 .[24] 13.5 HDI , , . 2011 ( ) HDI. . 29 , 14.6 10.3 .
, . , -, . , , , .[25]
, . , .[26] , .[27] , . , , , .[28] , 38 , .[29]
2008 (Pew Research Center) , :

46% . (34%) (36%) . , (25%) (20%) . , . 2006 2008 .[30]

. 2012 , , (10,088, 49.4 ), 2008-12 30 .
1,923 (9.4 ) 2012 (3,566, 17.5 ) (2,100, 10.3 ). 2012 35.9 2012 . 2008 2012 32.4 , 58.9 .
(641, 3.1 ). 65.8 , 161.9 ; 22.2 , 24.6 . , 232.1 . [31] ( 2013 , , 58.8% , ,19%, . - 15.3%, - 9.4%. 18% , 5.1% - . 2012 , 11%, 60%, 56%, - 54%, - 34%, 12%. 49%, 10%, 54%. - ).
, , , . , .
. 2000 2010 21.3 , . .
, 1967 . , 200 1949 1967 . 1948 . 1948 1967, , , , . 1960 , , , . [32]
2010 , PCBS (Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics - , ): 1967 10 . , . [33] , 2002 :

, 80 ( 50 ). 50 ( ). [34]

, , , 150 2000-2002 , , . , , , . [35] , 2006 - . , . 1,350 , , , , , , . [36]
2007-2009 . 2008 - , , 63,386 , 2009 44,000 . [37]
0.45 2009 0.37 2010. [38] , 2009-2010 , , .







, , . , ( ) , .[39] , .
, 2001 . [40] , , , 4,077,981 2005 , 5,027,580 2010, 5,354,988 2012 , , 6,632,439 2020 . , 2005 , , 315,976 , .[41]
2006 , ( ) 2010 2010 5.7 .[42] : 2010 -, , 4,108,631 , [43] 918,949 , 2001 . , - 31 2012 4.4 ,[44] 955,000 , .
, 2012 , , 2020 7.2 6.9 .[45] , 2020 1.9 . 2020 , , , 5.3 . 1,362,439 , , 2001 .
, , , . 2007 , .[46] , 12,805,000 , : 11,942,000 - , , 13,064,000 , .[47]
, , , : , 120 , , . , , . , 2003-2010 14.7 , .[48] 2007 , . 2012 2.2 21.1 , 2007 . ( 2013 2.1%.-) , , , 79.2 2015 , , 2024 , 81.8 2050 , 83.9 2059.
. , - . , , , , - ().[49]
, -, , 4.5 . 7.2 , 14.8 . 3.1 , 26.4 . , 2012 3.6 , 10.4 .
. , () 14.3 6 , 7.62 2003 6.53 2009 , .. , 1980- .[50] 8.9 , 1.90 2003 2.07 2009.
, 4.7 2000 3.5 2011 .[51] , 3.3 , 3.09 - , .[52] ( 2012 3.09, - 3.14 .- ) 2011 , .[53]
2007 ( 2050 2059 ) .6 (). , , ( ).
2007 , , 2,496,000 2050 . , 2059 , 2,761,500 . , 2059 19,487,000 .
, , 2059 83.19 71.4 .

. 1. 2059 .
, : ; , ; , , ; ; ; .
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, , . , , , . , , , , . , . - , -, , 25 .[54]
, , . , , , , , , , . - .[55] .[56] , .[57]
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, 1800-2007 . ( , , 2008 .).


, 2013 2014 .

: 2013 , , .

.

[1] NBC News, Sept. 23, 2010.
[2] Dan Petreanu, "Demography: Men or Myth," The Jerusalem Post, Aug. 16, 1988, quoted in Yakov Faitelson, "'Demography: Men or Myth' 24 years later," Apr. 4, 2012.
[3] The Jerusalem Post, June 25, 2013.
[4] The term "Land of Israel" is used here to denote the areas of Mandatory Palestine west of the Jordan River, namely, the territories constituting the State of Israel as well as Judea and Samaria (the "West Bank") and the Gaza Strip.
[5] "Annual Growth Rate Percent, Near East Countries, U.N. Regions," U.S. Census Bureau, International Programs, International Data Base, accessed Mar. 12, 2013.
[6] Dominique Tabutin and Bruno Schoumaker, "The Demography of the Arab World and the Middle East from 1950 to the 2000s. A Survey of Changes and a Statistical Assessment," Population, 2005/5-6, Institute de démographie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, pp. 505-615.
[7] "Table 13: Jewish Population, by Sex and Age (1948, 1951, 1954, 1956)," Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 1956 (Jerusalem and Tel Aviv: Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, [hereafter ICBS], 1956), p. 19; "Table B/13: Jewish Population, by Sex and Age (1948-1965)," Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 1966 (ICBS, 1966), p. 38.
[8] "Table B/1: Population, by Population Group," Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, May 2013 (ICBS, June 6, 2013), p. 4.
[9] Petra Nahmias, "Fertility behaviour of recent immigrants to Israel: A comparative analysis of immigrants from Ethiopia and the former Soviet Union," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Mar. 17, 2004, pp. 83-120.
[10] The average number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime.
[11] Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 2002 (ICBS, 2002), st3.02; Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 2001 (ICBS, 2001), st3.01.
[12] Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 2012 (ICBS, 2012), st3.01; "C. Vital Statistics," Monthly Bulletin of Statistics-February 2013 (ICBS, Mar. 7, 2013).
[13] "Statistic Tables for Live and Death Rates by Population Group," Yearbook of Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 1955-2010 (ICBS, 2010).
[14] "World Development Indicators: Birth Rate, Crude," World Bank, Washington, D.C., accessed Mar. 7, 2013; "World Development Indicators: Death Rate, Crude," idem, accessed Mar. 7, 2013.
[15] Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 2001, st2.18.
[16] "C. Vital Statistics," Monthly Bulletin of Statistics-February 2013.
[17] Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 2001, st02.20; Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 2011 (ICBS, 2011), st02.21.
[18] "Demographic Characteristics of the Arab Population in Judea, Samaria, and Gaza, 1968-1993, #1025," ICBS, July 1996, p. 15.
[19] "World Development Indicators: Birth Rate, Crude," World Bank, Washington, D.C., accessed Mar. 7, 2013; "World Development Indicators: Death Rate, Crude," idem, accessed Mar. 7, 2013.
[20] "Emigration and Tourism, Table E/2: Immigrants by Type of Permit," Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, ICBS, no. 11/2011, p. 143.
[21] "Table 1: Human Development Index and Its Components," Human Development Report 2010, U.N. Development Programme, New York, p. 143.
[22] Sergio DellaPergola, Jewish Demographic Policies: Population Trends and Options in Israel and in the Diaspora (Jerusalem: The Jewish People Policy Institute, 2011), p. 61.
[23] "Immigrants by Type of Visa," Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 2011, st04.03.
[24] "Immigrants, by Period of Immigration, Country of Birth and Last Country of Residence," Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 2011, st04.04.
[25] Ynet News (Tel Aviv), Jan. 22, 2012.
[26] "Interview with Holland's Chief Rabbi: Dutch Anti-Semitism," Arutz Sheva (Beit El and Petah Tikva), July 4, 2010.
[27] YNet News, May 21, 2013.
[28] Fox News, June 24, 2010.
[29] David J. Rusin, "The Slow-Motion Exodus of European Jews," FrontPage Magazine (Sherman Oaks, Calif.), Jan. 7, 2011.
[30] "Unfavorable Views of Jews and Muslims on the Increase in Europe," PEW Research Center Project, Sept. 17, 2008.
[31] "Statistics," Ministry of Immigrant Absorption, Tel Aviv, accessed June 17, 2013.
[32] Justin McCarthy, "Palestine's Population during the Ottoman and the British Mandate Periods: Migration," PalestineRemembered.com, Sept. 8, 2001.
[33] Mustafa Khawaja, "Highly-skilled into, through and from the southern and eastern Mediterranean and sub Saharan Africa. The Case of Palestine," Robert Shuman Centre for Advanced Studies and the European University Institute, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy, 2010, p. 8.
[34] The Jerusalem Post, Aug. 26, 2002.
[35] Bissan Edwan, "al-Qanbala ad-Dymoghrafiah fi Israil wa-Khidaal-Nafs," Apr. 16, 2004.
[36] Reuters, Nov. 22, 2006.
[37] Khawaja, "The Case of Palestine," p. 3.
[38] "Population Growth (annual %): West Bank and Gaza," World Bank, Washington, D.C., accessed June 7, 2013.
[39] Bennet Zimmerman, Roberta Seid, and Michael L. Wise, "The Million Person Gap. The Arab Population in the West Bank and Gaza," Mideast Security and Policy Studies, no. 65, The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Feb. 2006.
[40] "Palestinians in the Palestinian Territory (West Bank and Gaza Strip): 3.2 Population," Statistical Abstract of Palestine, No. 2, Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (hereafter, PCBS), Ramallah; "Table 3.2.1: Projected Population in the Palestinian Territory in the End Year by Region, 1997-2024," PCBS, Nov. 2001, p. 470.
[41] Annual Report for 2005, Population and Demography, Health Status in Palestine 2005 (Ramallah: Ministry of Health-Palestinian Health Information Center, Oct. 2006), p. 1.
[42] "Palestinians at the End of Year 2006," PCBS, Dec. 2006, p. 11.
[43] "Palestinians at the End of 2010: Table 2: Estimated Number of Palestinians in the Palestinian Territory by Status and Region," PCBS, Dec. 30, 2010, p. 34.
[44] "Palestinians at the End of 2012," PCBS, Dec. 2012, p. 1.
[45] Ibid., p. 3.
[46] Yakov Faitelson, "The Demographic Forecasts for the Population of the Land of Israel and the Reality (1898-2005)," Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual International Conference on Jewish Studies, Part 1: State of Israel, 60 Years of History (Moscow: Moscow Center for University Teaching of Jewish Civilization "Sefer," Institute for Slavic Studies, 2008), p. 68; idem, "Demographic Trends in the Land of Israel (1800-2007), accessed Mar. 7, 2013, p. 47-70; idem, Table 1: Comparison of Forecasts for Citizens of the State of Israel up until 2050, "Demographic Forecast Scenarios until 2050," The Institute for Zionist Strategies, Jerusalem, 2008.
[47] High-fertility assumption: Under the high variant, fertility is projected to remain .5 children above the fertility in the medium variant over most of the projection period. That is, countries reaching a total fertility of 1.85 children per woman in the medium variant have a total fertility of 2.35 children per woman in the high variant at the end of the projection period. Constant-fertility assumption: fertility remains constant at the level estimated for 2000-05.
[48] Faitelson, "Demographic Trends in the Land of Israel (1800-2007)," accessed Mar. 7, 2013, p. 50-3.
[49] According to a comprehensive survey conducted by the ICBS in 2009, 8 percent of Israeli Jews defined themselves as Haredi, 12 percent as religious, 13 percent as traditional religious, 25 percent as less traditional religious, 27 percent as not so religious, and 18 percent as nonreligious. See Seker hevrati 2009. Pirsum mispar 1433. B. mimtsaim ikariim. a. datiyut umeafienim demografiim uhevratiim kalkaliim beisrael (bnei 20 umala), ICBS Social Survey 2009, no. 1433, Jerusalem, Apr. 2011, p. 13.
[50] Ahmad Hleihel, "Fertility among Jewish and Muslim Women in Israel by Level of Religiosity, 1979-2009," ICBS, Working Paper Series, no. 60, June 2011, pp. 32-4.
[51] Ibid., p. 15; "Fertility rates, Average Age of Mother and Sex Ratio at Birth, by selected characteristics of the mother. Muslims. 2011," Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 2011, Table 3.14.
[52] "Fertility rates, Average Age of Mother and Sex Ratio at Birth, by selected characteristics of the mother. Israeli born. 2011," Statistical Abstracts of Israel, 2011, Table 3.14.
[53] Ari Paltiel, Michell Spulker, Irene Kornilenko, and Martin Maldonado, "Tahaziot Haukhlusiyah le-Yisrael Letvah Arokh: 2009-2059," Demography and Census Dept., Jerusalem, Nov. 30, 2011.
[54] Ynet News, Apr. 22, 2004.
[55] "The Physician Shortage in Israel," Israeli Medical Association, Tel Aviv, May 2011.
[56] Karen L. Berman, "Israel Must Overhaul Education System," Jewish Telegraphic Agency, Mar. 29, 2012.
[57] Ron Diller, "What happened to affordable housing in Israel?" The Jerusalem Post, May 8, 2010.
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