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. : (2:4 7:28), (4:8 6:18; 7:12-26), , ( ). , . , .
, , X IX . . (???), . . ( . h.22). , - , . , , ( ). , . , , , (???? ????): (. . . ..) (???? ???? ????? ?????). , , [] (???? ?????? ????? ????). [,] (??? ?????? ????? ?????), (???????) ( . h.21).
a -? (??????? ???????????) (. 50 132 135) ? (??????????)) (? 117) ( ?????? [o] ) . ; textus masoreticus 
. , 24 ( ):
1) -u (??????????? ) = ;
2) ؒ (??????? ) = ;
3) -a (?????????? ) = ;
4) -a (??????????? ) = ;
5) Ē-u (????????? ) = ;
6) ɒh-y (?????????? ) = ;
7) -u (???????? ) = ;
8) ؒ-? (????????? ) = ;
9) ̒-u (???????? ) = ;
10) ɒ-ah (???????????? ) = ;
11) -ah (??????????? ) = ;
12) ɒ-? (?????????? ) = ;
13) ؒ -a (?????????????? ) : h-e (???????? ); -? (?????? ); -o (?????? ); --a (???????? ); -a (?????? ); -a (?????? ); -y (-y) (?????? ); -y (????????? ); ֒-a (????????? ); -a (?????? ); ǒ-a (????????? ); --u (????????? ) = , , , , , , , , , , ;
14) Ғh-u (?????????? ) = ;
15) -o (??????? ) = ;
16) -e (???????? ) = ;
17) (???? ) = ;
18) h--u (????? ??????????? ) = ;
19) -h?- (?????? ) = ;
20) -a (?????? !) = ;
21) -? (???????? ) = ;
22) --e (?????????? ) = ;
23) -a (??????? ) + ͒-a (????????? ) = ;
24) -e h--u (??????? ????????? ) = .
, h (. .3:5), ɒ ( . .13a; .13; .45a), ( . .7a; h.100a) h ( . .30)[1]. , ( .28a).
. , , , . -a (-a) (???) : -a (??????? ) 15 ; ͒-u (????????? ) 613; ʒ-u (??????????? ) 1424. ͒ : . 69, 1013.
, , . , , , , , ʒ, , . ( . .14) ͒: ɒh, , ؒ, ̒, h, ɒ, ɒh ؒ . ʒ, , : , Ғh, , , h, h, , , , , h. ͒.
Biblia Hebraica ( ), . - . (R. Kittel); . (P. Kahle). Biblia Hebraica 1906 . editio Bombergiana , - 1525 ( ). Biblia Hebraica 1929 . Codex Leningradensis. 1937 , . (A. Alt) . (O. Ei?feldt), . - (. X .) - -. 1951 . Biblia Hebraica , [2]. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia.
, textus receptus, , , , . . , . . , (, , ), , . , () , .
() 6000 , . , - () . , , .
, , , - , ? : , , Urtext ( ), . , Urtext , , . , , -, , - , . , , . , - , - : , .
. (LXX), (Septuaginta), - . . , II (285 282 246 . . .), , , , . : , , , . , , . . [...] , . 72 ( 70) (?????), 72 ; , , 72 ( 70) (. .2; . .XII.2; (?). .13; . .III).
. . , , , . , . , I . . . , , (., ), I . . 
.
129 . . (??????, Aquila), , II . . (????????, Symmachus), (. .VI.17), [3]. 181 . . ( ) (?????????, Theodotion), ()[4].
III (????????) . (??????) , : 1) (? ???); 2) , ; 3) (?); 4) (?); 5) ; 6) (?)[5] (. .VI.16:1-4). 50- .
(
), (Peshitto), . . . , , V . .
(I II . . .) Vetus Latina (
). 386405 , a (Vulgata, . . ). (
) , . , . VIII (. 735804), . 1546 . 1589 , V, 1592 , VIII, , .
u (???????????? ). : [6] (
) ( ) (
) ( ͒, -).
. ( , . 280 . . .) (IX .); . 10561057 . - (-). (1092 .), (1117 .), (1120 .), (1144 .) (1164 .) .
XV - ; , , .
XV , ( , , , , , , , ). (1581 .), . 1663 . (1751 ., 1759 .... 1872 .... 1913 .).
1680 (16291680); 1683 , .
1698 . . , 1703 , , .
1812 , 20- XIX (, ). 1825 I , 1826 .
II, , , . . (17871863); , . . (. . , 17921847). 1834 , . 1839 , . , , . 18601867 .
, 1856 . 1860 , 1867 , . 18681872 .
, . (. 1228 .). 1214 , .
(. 1541 .), , 1551 , (15031559). ( ).
. [7]. , , , -: , , , , , . , , , (??????????).
o ( ????????? ), . -. , . (); , , . , [8]. : , , . , , , .
:
, , - a (???????), . (132 . . .). : (), (), (), () ()[9]. ( . .14) , (????? e); , [10], , ; , . , , . , , 870 . .[11], (??????????? ɒha) (. 2 .19:4-11 .16:18-20; 17:8-12; 2 .17:7-9 .17:18-20). , , (???????????? ah), 622 621 . . . (4 .22:8).
, . (18151869) . (18441918), . (18041891), 444 . . . , , . . , , : . , , , . , , - , . , 587 .
, . -a (??????? ). , , . , , , --a[12] (???????? ). , c V IX . . . XIII (Andalucia)[13]. -ha (???? ), - (????????? ????????????), , , h -, XIII (Castilla)[14]. , , (.12:3, PX): ????????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? , [].
, , , : ɒh, ɒh , , (. .1:1). (???????? ?????????? ʒ? ha) 120 , 291 . . , , , , (?????????? [?] ) , .
, . :
()[15]. (?????????? ???? ???? ɒhy -) , 931 . . . VI . ., ( . .14) : ɒh [] .
()[16] , ( . .14) . XIII . . 538 . .
()[17], IV . . ( . .14) . () .
(1 2 ) , , , : ؒ? , ?, ( . .15). , . (Samuel I Samuel II). XVI . (3 4 )[18] (̒?), , ( . .15a), : , ̒, (???????, . . . ..). , . (Regum I Regum II). XVI . , , (?????????? ah), VII . . , (. 4 .25 .52). , -, VI . .
e (1 2 )[19] (?????????????? ). , h. , IV III . .
(1 ), (), ()[20] , IV . . ( . .15), h . , , ( ), (. 2 .2:13). . (2 ), ( [21]), , , I . , , , . (. 314) (3 ) 97 , ( 1, 2, 15, 16 III . .). , , , , . , .
()[22] . .
()[23], . ., I . . ., , .
()[24] . () , . , II . . ( , , V IV . . .), , . I . .
[25], . (1 ) 134 63 . . . . (2 ), 124 . . ., . (3 ) , 30- . I .
:
()[26] 538 200 . . ., , V . . . ( . .14) : [], a [????????, ] .
()[27] , , . ( . .14-15a), Ғh .
()[28] III . ( . .15a) .
a ()[29] III . . II . . . : ? ɒ, , h h ( . .15).
()[30] - , , V . .
()[31] I . . .
()[32] 180 . .; 132 . . , - (???????????). (. .2:13) (. h.10:1).
:
a ()[33] V . ., II . . (???????????? ??????????? ɒah -o) 12- . 1339 , , , 1523 2832 . 765 . ., 740 , , - . 700 ; , , , (????????? ̒e) (. . .120). ( 4055) VI . ., . , . ( 5666) , .
()[34] III . . (??????????? ????????????????? ah -ah) . 626 587 . . . o (????????) (.1:1). 605 , (.36:1-4). , (??????????? ɒh?), (.36:21-23). , . 587 II . .
()[35] , , . . 515 . .
(. )[36] II . .
()[37] , , II . . (?????? y), (????????????? -a) , .
()[38]. (?????????? ???????????? ɒ? -?) , 597 . . 593 571 . , , , : [] ɒ, ؒ , ( . .15a).
()[39] 164 . . . ; VII . . (.14:14,20; 28:3); , , , . (͒), (ʒ).
()[40] . O . 750 . . ( ) . , 721 . .
()[41] V III . . . () .
o ()[42] (, ) . , 783 743 . . ., , Ғo (????????), .
A ()[43] VI . ., , 587 . (a) .
o ()[44] 400 200 . . . (a) (4 .14:25), , .
e ()[45] VII VI . . ., (7:8-20) , . (????? ???????????? a h?) VIII . .
y ()[46] VII . ., , . , (612 . . .).
y ()[47] , , 609 597 . . ., . (y) .
o ()[48]. (֒a) 640 625 . . ., 538 . .
e ()[49] 520 . . (a) , .
a ()[50]. (ǒa), 520 . ., . ( 18) , ( 914), , . III . .
a ()[51] . () , ; , . . , . 450 . .
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() ???? ???????[52].
() ??????? ????????? 90- I .
() ??????? . . , 60? . , , I . (, ) (. .II.23:25). (14831546) , .
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[1], , - [2]. . , 1959 118 ( 114 ).
: , , , , , , , , , , (.1). : [...] , , , [...] , [...] (Pap. Ox.654.1:5a); : : , , , , , (Evangelium secundum Hebraeos. Clem.Strom.II.9:25). , : , , , , , , , , , , , , (Clem.Strom.V.14:96). , .
: [] , , , ? (.93). (, ), , (.7:1-15).
: [] , , , [] . , . [ ], , [] . , [] (.101). pro, contra.
[1] .: Nag Hammadi Codex II, 2-7. Vol. I: Gospel According to Thomas, Gospel According to Philip, Hypostasis of the Archons, and Indexes. Ed. B. Layton. Leiden New York Kobenhaum Koln: Brill, 1989 (Nag Hammadi Studies 20). P. 37128. .: . .: , 1989. . 250262.
[2] . . .
, (.5:1); , , , (.6:17). , , , , . , Logia Kyriaka . , (.19:20), , , , .
, . , . , , [...] (.5:1-2). , , [...] (.6:20). ( ), , -, , , , ; , , , .
Beati pauperes spiritu, quoniam ipsorum est regnum caelorum, (.5:3) . : i ? , : , , , , , , . .
, (.6:20) ; . , : : , (.59). , , , , , , . per analogiam 6 10 . , (, , ) (, , ). , . , , .5:8 : , .
, . (.5:3) ( )[1]. , , , , , , ?..
, , (. ..31).
, (.5:4), . : , . , (.6:21). , : : , ; , . , , , (.73).
, , , (.61:3). , , .
: , (.5:5), : (.36:11).
: , (.5:7), , . [2], ( ..151).
: , (.5:8), (.23:4-5).
Beati pacifici, quoniam filii dei vocabuntur, (.5:9) . : i i , : , , . , ; , .
.5:11-12 , (.6:22), (.72-73). .
, .
, , .
.
. . : . : . , , , [3]. , . : , (5:14). . , , . , , [4].
.5:15-16 : : , , . [] , , , , (.38). , [5], , , .
, : , (.5:17), , , : -, [...], [...] (.5:21-22,27-28,31-34 . .); -, [6]; -, , [7].
: , , (.5:18), , , , (.16:17).
, , ; , , , , , .5:20. , , ?..
2126 , , (. .12:58-59).
: , : (. .20:14; .5:18. ..). , , , (.5:27-28). , : , , (. .5:30; 18:8. ..). , : , , . , : , (. .5:29; 18:9. ..) (.9:43-47)[8].
, , (. .24:1. ..). : , , ; , (.5:31-32; . .19:7-9; .10:4-12; .16:18; .h.22). , , , .
, : (. .21:24; .24:20; .19:21. ..). : . , (. .3:3. ..); , (. .6:29. ..); (??????)[9], . , (. .15:7-8; .6:30,34; 7:41-43. ..) (.5:38-42). : , (. .20:35).
, : (. .19:17-18. ..). : ( , ) ( )[10] (. .6:27-28; ..88; .23. ..), , (. .6:35. ..). , , ? o ? , o ? ? (. .6:32-33. ..) (.5:43-47). , , [11] (.6:31; . .7:12). , (.6:36; . ..38; .51). , (.5:48).
, , , . , , , , , (.20:12-17; 23:2,6-7; .19:18; .6:5; 2426; .19:17; 20:20; 29:23; .6:10; 57:19; 58:7; .6:8; . .12; . .1:1; . .63; .93; . . . .). Nullumst iam dictum quod non dictum sit prius (Terentius. Eunuchus.41). , -.
: , , : . , , , , . : . , , , o , ; , , (.6:1-4; . .17:18; 29:15; .6,66; ..5; .9).
: , , , , , . , . , , , , , ; , , (.6:16-18; . .6,15).
1875 XI . : , , (.8:2).
: , , , , , , , . , . , , , , , ; , , . ( ! ..). , , , , ; , , , (.6:5-8).
[12] : , ! , , , . ; , [13] ; [14], . . .
, , , , .
(.6:9?13) (.11:2?4). .
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, ???????. : (IV .), (IV .) (VI .) , (V .), ( 371 .) (V .) , , . ., , , , (335394), . (VIII .) - (IX .) , (IX .), , ( ? ???????? ???, ??? ? ???????, ??? ? ????, ????), (8:2), , , - , , , , 1016, , , . 157 (. 1125 .), , : ... ???????, ??? ??? ????? ? ???????? ??? ? ??????? ??? ? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????. ????.
|
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, . , , , P75 75 (. III .). , ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ????????, , ( V .), ?????. P75, . ???????? ?? ?????? ???, ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????.
, , , , , , . , , , , . , , 75 .
, .11:2, ?????? ? ???????? ???. , , : ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ????. : ?? ???? ?????? ??? ? ????????. : ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???, ?????? ? ???????? ???[15]. , , , . , , , .
, , , , , , , , , , . , , .
, (?????), (???). , ??????? ( ), , , ?? ??? ?????? ( ). , , , , ????? .
?? ??????????, ??? ????????. , ??????, . , ?? ?????????? , ??? ???????? , , . , ??????, ?????????. Aoristus (????????), Praesens (???????), o .
????? ???? (.6:9) ????? (.11:2), , , . , , ???? ? ????? (.14:36), ???? ?????? (. .11:25-26; .10:21; 22:42 .). , ?????? , , , ????? ( ) ?????? (.19:34; 20:12?13; 22:7 . .). , ?????? ????? ??? (.26:39,42; . .14:36). , ????? ???? .6:9 ???????? ( ??????), ??????. , ????? ??? ????? ???? , , ????? ???? .6:9 ??????.
(? ???????? ??? ??????) :
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, - , .
. , - , . , , (Church of the East), . . , , , , . , , . I , (V .) Sinaitic Curetonian ( IV .), Palestinian Syriac (VI .)[16].
, . , ????? ??????. : ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ???. , ? (????????), :
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( . .49; .119; .3; . .112:2 = Ғh.113:2; .1:21; .2:20; .38:23). , ( . .4 (1:3)).
, , ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????.
?????? ?????????, . 
. , ?????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????????.
, . , .6:11 (Hier.Matth.6:11) : , , (supersubstantialem) mahar , (quod dicitur crastinum); : , , (panem nostrum crastinum, id est futurum, da nobis hodie).
, ????????? - . , ??? ????? , (= . ??????????). , , , ????????? ??????? ( []), , , ?????? ..., ..., , ????????? (= . ???????).
, . , supersubstantialem , (Hier.Matth.6:11); Palestinian Syriac 
; . .
, - ( ) , , , , , , , .11:2 , . , , ??????? ?????? (.6:30,34).
, ??? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ???????
????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????
??????? ????????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???
??? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ????, ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????
???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????
???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????
(. . .60) , , , : 
. , ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????
????? ??????????? ????????????
????? ??????????? ??????????
, :
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: , ; , , ; , (.6:19-21; . . .4:18; . .11).
: : , ; , . [17] (.6:24; . .16:13). : : , , : (.52).
: : , o ( o )[18], , o . , ? : , , ; . ? (.6:25-26; . .12:22-24; .41).
: o ? , : , ; , , ; , , , , , ! : o ? : o ? : o ? , , . , (.6:28-33; . .12:27-31). , , [] (?????)[19]? (.6:27; . .12:25). , , o ? (.12:26). , [20]! . . , , (.12:32-33; . ..15). , [] : [] (.6:34; . ..48).
: , (. .6:37; ..105. ..); y, [] ; , [] (.7:1-2; . .4:24; .6:38).
: o , ? : , , , ? ! , [] (.7:3-5; . .6:41-42; .31; . .15).
: (margaritas ante porcos), , , (.7:6). (. .15:24,26). , , . , . , , , . , , , (.97).
, (.7:7), . : , (Clem.Strom.I.24:58). : , (quaerite et invenietis); , ; , , . , , , ? , ? , , , , (.7:7-11; . .11:9-13).
.7:13-27, , (. .7:13 .79; .7:18 .50; .7:24 .37).
[1] . . . ., 1983, . 217.
[2] . . ., 1928, . 157.
[3] . .37.
[4] . . : . ., 1987, . 219.
[6] ., : ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? [???] ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ( . .116).
[8] , (.9:44,46; . .66:24) ; , ; , , .
[9] , 1480 .
[10] , .5:44, , . ( , , "" - . , - leopoliss)
[11] : , (.4:15). (. 551 479 . . .) ( .5:12; 12:2; 15:24). , (436 338 . . .) (Isocrates. Nicocles.61). : Quod tibi fieri non vis, alteri ne feceris (Scriptores historiae Augustae: Aelius Lampridius. Alexander Severus.51:8). , , , : : , , . , , . , , : , , ; ; ( ..30 31). , ( ...), (...).
[12] -: y (????????); -: aa (???????); -: a ho (????? ????); -: a o (Pater noster).
[13] : .
[14] : .
[15] The Greek New Testament, 4th ed. Stuttgart, 1994, p. 247.
[16] Lewis A. S., Gibson M. D. Palestinian Syriac Texts. From Palimpsest Fragments in the Taylor-Schechter Collection. London, 1900; Lewis A. S., Gibson M. D. The Palestinian Syriac Lectionary of the Gospels. London, 1899.
[17] ?????? = . ?????? [-o] .
[18] o (??? ?? ?????) , Bibl. Nat. Gr. 62 (VIII .), Stiftsbibl. 48 (IX .) Koridethi (IX .). : o (? ?? ?????).
[19] (?????) = a (??????) 50- .
[20] Watch Tower ( ) (?? ?????? ????????, , -, pusillus grex) 144 000 (.7:4-8).
" . " "":. . , .1 - . " ".
2 - . " ".
...
31 - . " ". 52 53
32 - . " ". 54 59
33 - . " ". . .
34 - . " ". . .
35 - H
...
39 - . " ". . .
40 - . " ". 2. . 1
41 - . " ". 2. . 2
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1) 28 , 1115 19[1].
2) (, ) 18 16 .
3) (clausula) 920 16, , [2].
4) , VIII IX Lavra 172 (cod. ?) Bibl. Nat. Gr. 62 (cod. L) 099 VII 8 16 : . ( ) . (.)[3].
5) 14 16 Freer Logion, Freerianus (cod. W) IV V (Hier.Pel.2:15): , : , , ; . : [] ; , [ ] , , , ( 15 )[4].
6) (.24:1-53).
7) (.1:2-11).
8) 20 .
9) 21- .
10) , : , . , , , , . : . , , , : , , (Evangelium secundum Hebraeos. Hier.De vir. ill.2. ..) [...]. , , : , , (Evangelium secundum Hebraeos. Hier.De vir. ill.16. ..).
11) .
12) , , (. 57 ) : [...], [...], , [...], , ; , , ; , ; , (1 .15:3-8).
( ), , , , , . , , , , . , . , , . , , , (. .16:12 .24:13 .), : , ( ) (.16:14-19). , , , , , , - . ( ), . , (.16:9; .20:14). , , (.24:13-32). , (.28:9). , , , .
, , , . , , , . , passum fuisse, quasi per umbram , .
, . [5]. , , , -. , , , , .
, , , , : Notovich Nicolas. La vie inconnue de Jesus-Christ. Paris, sine date ( : The Life of Saint Issa). : ( ). ., 1910[6].
, , - , , , , . . , 1875 [7]. , , , , , , , . .
, , . , - , .
, , , . , , , , .
: , , - - , ! , . -...
, - , -: , ( !), -, (- a la , ) . , ... , (. 93 ), , I . , , , I . . , , , , , , , , - , ? ( !) ?.. , , , , . , , .
, , ... ?.. , ? ? , , , , , , (1 .4:6).
, , . , . , , .
[2] , clausula .
[3] , cod. L.
[4] .: Helzle E. Der Schlu? der Markusevangelium und Freer-Logion. Tubingen, 1959.
[5] .: . . , 1914, . 392415.
[6] ( , ), . , , 1887 , , , ( , ). . 1894 The Nineteenth Century (Muller Max. The Alleged Sojourn of Christ in India. // The Nineteenth Century, 1894, 36, 515f) : -, , -, , (.: Goodspeed Edgar J. Modern Apocrypha. Boston: Beacon Press, 1956, p. 10). , . , , . The Nineteenth Century (Douglas J. Archibald. The Chief Lama of Himis on the Alleged Unknown Life of Christ. // The Nineteenth Century, 1896, April, pp. 667677) , . : , () , , (), . , : , , , , ! (Goodspeed Edgar J. Liber citatus, p. 13). .
[7] .: . . ., 1893.
(????????), , 5 . . (???????), ͒ (???????). (??????) (???????) : - (??????), , , . , (??????), ɒ (?????????????).
͒, [1].
- (????????) (????????), h (??????????)[2].
. , , . , ɒh (????????) [3].
. , , [4].
(????????????), (?????????), (???????), (????????) [5].
(??????), 29 ̒ (????????)[6].
30 ɒ . - ɒh, h- (?????), , , , , , , , ɒh, .
(Pontius Pilatus) , 7 30 ɒ[7].
[7] . 41, 48, 50, 53, : Testimonium Flavianum, ex Agape.
" . " "":. . , .1 - . " ".
2 - . " ".
...
30 - . " ". 51
31 - . " ". 52 53
32 - . " ". 54 59
33 - . " ". . .
34 - . " ". . .
...
39 - . " ". . .
40 - . " ". 2. . 1
41 - . " ". 2. . 2
|
: |
. " ". 52 53 |
|
: , , (.27:51; .15:38; .23:45). , ??????? [-o-] . , , (Hier.Matth.27:51). , , .
: ; , , (.27:52-53). , . : , (1 .15:20). , , : , , , , , , . , , .
, , (.19:34). , (.19:38). . , , . , (.15:43-44). , , (.19:31 .), , .
, , : , ; , . , , .
, , , (.12:10). , , , , : , , , , (.1:7). , (clavi crucis), (hasta). , crurifragium , , , , : , ; , , (.19:35). .
, , , , , . , : , [...]. , [ ,] (. .44:3. ..), (.3:5; 7:38).
, , , (Horatius. Epistulae.I.16:48; Juvenalis. Saturae.XIV.77; Lucanus. Bellum civile.VI.544; Plautus. Miles gloriosus.II.4:19; Artemidorus. Onirocriticon.II.53); , (.21:22-23; . h.6:4-5). : , (Jos.BJ.IV.5:2). (. h.9:8), (. h.6:5-6). , (Digesta.XLVIII.24).
, , , , [1], (.27:57-58; .15:43-45; .23:50-52; .19:38). , (.19:39-40), , . , , , , , (.16:1); , , , , -, , , (.15:47). , , , , : ; , , , (.12:7).
, . ; , (.27:60); , (.19:41-42), , ; , , , (Evangelium Petri.24). (.19:41; 20:15) . , , , , , (Tert.De spectaculis.30). , . , , . , : , . : ; , , . , , , , [2]. , .
, [...] , (.27:62-66); , , , - (Evangelium Petri.31 et sqq.); XI XII , , , (V.5:4).
, , ; , , , , [3]. , . , . - , ; , , , . , , , , , , . : , , , , , (Just.Dial.53). , , , , , .
, (.28:11). , , , , , , . , , : , (.28:12-14). , , . , , , ; , .
, - ( , , , ), , ; - (.16:1), , , [4].
, (.53:9), , , . , ( ) , (.27:57). , , , , , , , , (. h.6:5-6).
[1] , , , (1 .1:1) ??????????? [h---a-], . , 24 .
[2] . ; . ., 1990, . 446.
[3] : , , , (Just.Dial.17. ..), , - , , , , , , . , , , , . , , (. ..) , , (Just.Dial.108).
[4] Strau? D. F. Das Leben Jesu fur das deutsche Volk bearbeitet. 3te Auflage. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1874. S. 599600.
14 . -, ɒ, , .
. , (.26:20; .14:17-18; .22:14). , , [3], : Ē h (?????? ???? ?????????)[4] (.26:26; .14:22; .22:19). [5], , , : Ē h (?????? ???? ??????)[6] (.26:27-28; .14:23-24; .22:20).
.
, ha (???????? ) ɒ. . . ɒh -ؒ (.26:36; .14:32; .18:1), (.26:47; .14:43; .22:47): , , . (.26:56; .14:50), (.18:13). , [7], (.18:24).
h h. h , , [8]. , (.18:28), , (???????? [-] ). [9] (.19:13): , (tunica), , , , (???? ). , . - (toga praetexta ) , , .
h, ? , , [10] ɒh (.23:3). : Rex Judaeorum es?. , , [11]: h h a ɒhe (????????????? ???????? ???? ??????????)? : a (??????? ??????????). Dixisti, , (.27:11; .15:2; .23:3).
(.18:33) , , : Damno capitis ( ). (tribunus , ) : Tribune, tolle in crucem hunc (, )! (.27:26; .15:15; .19:16).
(centurio)[12]. , , (milites auxiliorum) : [13] , , , . : Ave, rex Judaeorum![14] , , , (.27:27-30; .15:16-19; .19:2-3; Orig.CC.II.34)[15].
, . (Jos.BJ.II.14:9; V.11:1; VII.6:4; Titus Livius.XXXIII.36), , (.27:26; .15:15; .19:1), , (Eus.HE.IV.15:4). , (2 .11:24; . .25:3).
(.19:14), (Vegetius.Epitoma rei militaris.II.22). , 700 . , , , (.19:17), , . , . , , (Ibid.II.11), : , .
. , - (lorica), . (hasta), - (gladius). , , -. , (Ibid.II.14-18).
. . . (.27:32; .15:21; .23:26).
, . , , , , , (.27:33-34; .15:22-23). , .
(Suet.Caligula.32; Eus.HE.V.1:44), .
h , , [16]. (.27:36), (.27:55-56; .15:40-41; .23:49,55; 24:10; .19:25). , . : , ! . , ! (.27:39-43; .15:29-32).
. - , , . , . : h, h! (?????? ?????? ????? ?????????????)? (.15:34; . .27:46; .72).
. , . , . , , .
֒ (????????), (.19:28), (posca) , , (.27:48; .15:36; .23:36; .19:29).
(.27:45; .15:34; .23:44) (.27:50; .15:37), (.19:30).
. , .
[1] a (????????) .
[2] a (?????????) .
[3] (????? = . ?????) , .
[4] (.).
[5] a (???????) .
[6] (.).
[7] (???????????? [ -]) , (. ).
[9] ????????? ([-a] , ????????) = ???????; -: ???????????; o , (Jos.BJ.II.9:3; 14:8; .15:16; .18:33).
[10] Tributum , ; Roma .
[11] , , , -; scriba , .
[12] Ea tempestate [k] , IVV [k] [ts] [e] [i]; Nom. S. n .
[13] - ???????????? [--a].
[14] , ! (.) : Ave, Caesar Imperator!
[15] : [...] (??? ???????? ???????), : (??????? ????? = jus dice jure), ! (Evangelium Petri.7).
" . " "":. . , .1 - . " ".
2 - . " ".
...
29 - . " ". . Ad notam.
30 - . " ". 51
31 - . " ". 52 53
32 - . " ". 54 59
33 - . " ". . .
...
39 - . " ". . .
40 - . " ". 2. . 1
41 - . " ". 2. . 2
|
: |
. " ". 51 |
|
. . , , , , , (Jos.AJ.XVII.10:10; XX.6:2; BJ.V.11:1; Suet.Galba.9; Apuleius.Metamorphoses.III.9). (Tac.Ann.III.14), (.27:54; .15:39,44-45; .23:47), Longinus Petronius.
[1]. , , , (patibulum). , (.27:32; .23:26), (.2:10; 6:9; 11:20; 13:1) (. ), . , , , (??????????) (?????? = . Rufus) (.15:21) , (. .16:13). , (????? ????????? = . ????????? ????????????, ????????? ???????????????) ; , , [...] (Just.Dial.106).
, , . (???????), , , a (??????????????), o (??????????) , . , , , - (.13:12), (.19:20). , (???????????????) (.27:39; .15:29), , ; , [2].
, , h. : ɒ , ( .h.43). ( ) , - (?????). , (. .31:6-7), , (.27:34; . .68:22)[3]. , , , , (.15:23).
, - (?????), (??????), . ??????? (.19:29), [4].
: crux simplex ( ), crux patibulata ( ), crux capitata ( ), crux decussata ( ) [5].
crux ??????? [o] (.27:32; .15:21; .23:26; .19:17) ????? [] (.5:30; 10:39; 1 .2:24). , , , . , , ( ), .
, 117 , , , ???, (.9). , (.27:37; .23:38), , crux capitata , .
, , (.9:22-23; .18:6-19; 20:17; .2:3), (. h.6:3; . h.9:6). (Evangelium Petri.10), , . (furcilla) (Cicero.In Verrem.II.5:66; Jos.BJ.VII.6:4; .11) ( ) .
, (sedile, sedecula), , (pedale). , . , , , .
, , pedale, , , , (sedile) , . (.19:31-32) crurifragium ( ), , pedale ( , : , ). , crurifragium, , , , , : (.9:12, ; . .19:36). , , , , , -pedale, -sedile. , , , (.33:17), , : , - , , . ( . ..), , , , ; , ( -sedile. ..), , (Just.Dial.91). : : , , (Iren.Haer.II.36:2[24:4]).
, , ? , (????????) (.6:17), , , , . (.20:25-27; Evangelium Petri.21). , , , , , (??????), (.24:39; cf. Orig.CC.II.55); , , . (Just.Dial.97; Tert.Apol.21:19) , : [...]. , , (Just.Apol.I.35). , , , , , (.21:17) .
, , , , [6]. 1968 , h-, . -[7] . , . , ɒh, 2428 , . ɒh , , [8]. , [9].
-, (Digesta.XLVII.20), (.27:35; .15:24; .23:34). : -, , , [] (.19:23), , (??????) [10] , , (Jos.AJ.III.7:4); -, - (.19:24), , , .
, : ! , , o (.23:34)[11].
, , (.19:25-27; . .32), , . , : , , . , , , - , , , - (.12:12), .
, , - . : ; ; , ; ; . (.27:55-56; .15:40-41; .23:49,55; 24:10; .19:25).
, (.27:38; .15:27; .23:32; .19:18). , . -, , , , 3, 7, 12, 40, 70 ( ): , , (.4:2; .1:13; .4:2), (.10:1). -, : , (.53:12).
(.27:45; .15:33; .23:44; Evangelium Petri.15), , , . (.8:9). , : ??? ????? ?????????? (.23:45), , , , , , , . : , , .
: , ! a ? o : , ! (??????????? ??)? (.15:34). : [...] (????????? ??)?; (itc): [...] (maledixisti)?. , , , , .
, ???? ???? ???? ????????? (.15:34) . -, ???? ????????? ????? ?????????????, ????? ???????????? (Ғh.22:2 = .21:2). -, ???? (= ??????) (?????), (???????): , , ?????? ??????? (.4:9). -, ????????? ????????????? ( ?????????), , , (.26:73; .14:70).
, , (.15:34), , (.27:46). , : (??? = ?????), . , ????? , , , 1517 ( ): ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ( Ғh.22:2 = .21:2). , (.27:46, ?????), (.15:34, ??????) -, , , (, , ), (????????) (. .27:47), , . , , ???? (. 17b), ???; ????, ?????[12]. , ???? ??? ( ), ??? ???? .
, Ғh (.30:6): ! ! (.23:46). (Just.Dial.105).
(.23:39-43; . .27:44), , . , , .
, (.15:31), h [13].
, (Petronius. Satyrica.111). . , , : , , , , . , , . , , , , , , , (Eus.HE.VIII.8).
, , , , , : (????) (.19:28; . Orig.CC.II.37). , , , .
, - posca . (Scriptores historiae Augustae: Aelius Spartianus. De vita Hadriani.10; Vulcacius Gallicanus. Avidius Cassius.5), . , , , , (.27:48; .15:36; .23:36; .19:29).
(.27:45; .23:44)[14], . , , (.27:50; .15:37; .23:46) (.19:30), , .
, . , . , - - , . , , , , .
[1] ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? (Plutarchus. De sera numinis vindicta.9[554a]).
[2] Appianus. Bellum civile.I.120. // . . ., 1935.
[3] (Evangelium Petri.16-17) (Orig.CC.IV.22).
[4] , (ؒ.12:22 = .12:22): ?????? [-o] , .
[5] . : Iusti Lipsi de cruce libri tres. Ad sacram profanamque historiam utiles. Editio tertia. Antwerpen: Moretus, 1597.
[6] ., ., . . ., 1956, . 35.
[7] . ossis; . . os . , .
[8] .: Haas N. Anthropological observations on the skeletal remains from Givat ha-Mivtar. // Israel Exploration Journal, 20 (12), 1970. P. 3859; Zias J. The Crucified Man from Givat Ha-Mivtar: A Reappraisal. // Israel Exploration Journal, 35 (1), 1985. P. 2227.
[9] , , , , . crux simplex . , (.27:37), . Nota bene: , , , , . , , . , : [...], (.20:25). , , : ... (??? ????), ... (??? ????), .
[11] , , ; , 75, , , , (W, ? .).
[12] , , - . , Commentarius in Marcum (15) Expositio Evangeliorum (In evangelium secundum Marcum), (Hieronymus. Evangelium secundum Matthaeum. CCCXLI.6. = Vulagata. Mt.27:46; Evangelium secundum Marcum. CCXXI.6. = Vulagata. Mk.15:34; Commentaria in Matthaeum. 27:46; De nominibus Hebraicis; Graeca fragmenta libri nominum Hebraicorum. II). (Clemens Alexandrinus. Eclogae propheticae. 57:3-4), (Eusebius. Demonstratio evangelica. X.8:14; Commentarius in Isaiam. II.35) (Augustinus. De consensu Evangelistarum. III.17[54]) ???. , , : ????? ????? ???? ?????????? (Porphyrius. Contra Christianos. fr. 15 = Macarius Magnes. Apocriticus. II.15).
[14] (.15:25,34), , , (. .19:14; .15:44).
" . " "":. . , .1 - . " ".
2 - . " ".
...
28 - . " ". 49 50
29 - . " ". . Ad notam.
30 - . " ". 51
31 - . " ". 52 53
32 - . " ". 54 59
...
39 - . " ". . .
40 - . " ". 2. . 1
41 - . " ". 2. . 2
|
: |
. " ". . Ad notam. |
|
, , . , , , , , , . , , , , ( . Orig.CC.II.27; . Eus.HE.IV.23:12), , . , , , , , .
, , . () . ( , , , , , - leopoliss) , , . (. .8:8; . .46; .57). , . , , (, , , - leopoliss). , , , , , . , (?????), . , , ( ). ( ) , , .
? , , [1]. -, , , , [2], . . , , ; , , . , , , , (Just.Apol.I.14).
, , , , .
, , , -, , -, , -, , -, , . , , .
, , cum Deo!
[1] Kurt A. Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1963.
, , (Acta Petri), , : ? ? , ? , ? (.8:17-18); ; , (.18:34); , , : ! ? [...]. (.6:60,66).
, , : , , , (Orig.In Jeremiam homiliae.3:3). (.86).
. , . , . : , , . . , , . , , . , , . : , , , (.26).
, . , , , : , , (Orig.Matth.13:2).
, , : , (Acta Philippi.34). -: : , , , , a a, , , , [] (.27). , , , , . : , . . , , , , , [] (.78). , (.22:23-30; .12:18-25; .20:27-36). , (12) : , , : , [] , , . , , (Evangelium Aegyptium)[3], , (Clem. Strom.III.13). : , . : , ; , . , , [], , , , , , - . , , (Ps.-Clem. Ad Corinthios II.12; cf. Clem. Strom.III.9).
: [...] , (.18).
(Iren.Haer.I.13:1[20:1]) , : , , . : : , , , [ ] . , (.43).
, , , . . , , , , : : , . , , . , ; . . , (.33).
: , , , . , : : , . : , , , (.57). , . , 57 - (Contra adversarium legis et prophetarum.II.4:14).
, . XX , , (Oxyrhynchos), II III . , , -, . , 1908 [4], , (42 ). : (. ..) , , [5]. [6] : , ? , , , , . : , , ? : , , [7]. . : , , , (?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????????) , , [] , , . , , , [8], [ ] (Pap. Ox.840; . .11:27).
, , [9], . , (.30:19-21; .8:19; 18:4,7; . .9:6), , , . ( , . , , , , - , , . , , - leopoliss)
[1] . ., 1989, . 45.
[2] (Eus.HE.I.13:11), , , (. 43).
[3] .: Nag Hammadi Codices III, 2 and IV, 2: The Gospel of the Egyptians. Ed. A. Bohlig, F. Wisse, and P. Labib. // Nag Hammadi Studies IV. Leiden: Brill, 1975.
[4] Grenfell B. P., Hunt A. S. Fragment of an Uncanonical Gospel from Oxyrynchus. Oxford, 1908.
[5] (????? ???????) (.4:12; 10:14; . .10:13).
[7] . .6:10-11.
[8] . .4:14.
" . " "":. . , .1 - . " ".
2 - . " ".
...
27 - . " ". 47 48
28 - . " ". 49 50
29 - . " ". . Ad notam.
30 - . " ". 51
31 - . " ". 52 53
...
39 - . " ". . .
40 - . " ". 2. . 1
41 - . " ". 2. . 2
|
: |
. " ". 49 50 |
|
, [1], - (????? [-] , ) (.26:17-19; .14:12-16; .22:7-13).
, , , , , . , , , .
, , , , , . , .
IV , - . , , - (.12:12), , . , , , : ; (.1:13; 2:1-40) . , , , . : ? , , - , I, . , . (.12:13), , .
, , ? , (????????? ???), , ; , , , (.14:51-52). , , , . , , . , , : (.2:16). , ????????? ??? , .
, (.13:4-17), , . . [2], ( , - leopoliss). , , , . , .
, , , (.26:31-35; .14:27-31; .22:31-34; .13:36-38). , , , , . , . , .
, , , . , , , , , , (???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???????) ( . Orig.CC.II.9).
, (????????????? [ ؒa]) (.26:36; .14:32; .18:1; . .22:39), , , (.26:47; .14:43; .22:47; .18:3). , , , (? ??????) (????????? = tribunus cohortium), (.18:12). , , ? ? , . , , . , ? , (Jos.CA.II.9).
, ( , ) (.26:51-54; .14:47; .22:49-51; .18:10-11). , . , . , , , - (.26:56; .14:50; Just.Dial.53,106), , -, , (.26:58,69-75; .14:54,66-72; .22:54-62; .18:15-18,25-27).
(.18:12-13). , (.18:19-23). , , , , . . (. .23:2).
(.18:24). , (.26:67-68; .14:65; .22:63-65), : ; (.50:6).
[2] Strau? D. F. Das Leben Jesu fur das deutsche Volk bearbeitet. 3te Auflage. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1874. S. 542547.
[3] .22:43-44, , III (75), , .
, , . , . , (Jos.AJ.XIV.4:4; XV.7:3). , 10 9 . . . . . , . : , . , . , , (Jos.AJ.XV.8:5; 9:6).
, (Pontius), (Pilatus), , (pilum), , (Jos.AJ.XVIII.4:2).
Praefectus provinciae Judaeae , , (Jos.AJ.XVIII.1:1; 4:2). , .
(legio . ) 10 (cohors). 1110 132 , 555 66 . (). 10 (centuriones), 5. , (auxilia), , . , . (numeri) , , . III . . (Vegetius.Epitoma rei militaris.II.1,2,6,8).
[1], .
, , (signa) . (Jos.AJ.XVIII.3:1), . , , , , - , : , - - (Philo.Leg. ad Gaium.38).
, , . , . , , , , . : , , , , (Jos.BJ.II.9:2-3).
(Jos.AJ.XVIII.3:1), (Philo.Leg. ad Gaium.38), - (. Jos.BJ.II.9:2-3).
. a (???????? . ). -, [2] . , , , , . , , , . , , . , , , . , , . , , ; , , , , . (Jos.AJ.XVIII.3:2; BJ.II.9:4).
. , . (Philo.Leg. ad Gaium.38), I , , , , , .
, [3]. , (?????????) , (. 2 .2:4-8). , , (????????). , . , , , , , . , (Jos.AJ.XVIII.4:1).
, , , , , , . (Marcellus), , , , . , , , , (Jos.AJ.XVIII.4:2).
-, . , , , : , , , , , , : , , (Eus.HE.II.7). (Mors Pilati), , , . . (Anaphora Pilati), , .
, , , . , , 1961 . 82 x 65 [4]. : [Dis augusti]s Tiberieum [... Po]ntius Pilatus [... praef]ectus Juda[ea]e [... fecit d]e[dicavit]. , , [5]. (), .
, , , . , .
, (????????)[6] - , . , (.27:45; .15:33; .23:44; Evangelium Petri.15), , -, : , : (.8:9).
7 30 , , [7] (Philo.Leg. ad Gaium.38; Jos.BJ.II.14:8) (.23:1-2).
, . , . , , , . : , , (.12:2). : , : , , , (????????) , (.7:6, ). : , , , : (.7:16, ). , (.54:3).
, ; , , , . ( , ), , . , , .
, . , crimen laesas majestatis. , .
, . . : , , .
, , . , , , , o ? , . , , (5260 .) (Jos.AJ.XX.8:5).
. , , : , , , , : , , , . , , (.21:1-9; .25:6 = Ғh.26:6) : ; (.27:24). , , . I, , , , , , ( . ..), (Philo.Leg. ad Gaium.38).
, , , , - , . , , , , : , (.27:19). Acta Pilati (Claudia Procula); (Calpurnia), , , , , (Suet.Julius.18).
: , , , , , , , (.23:7-12,15; cf. Evangelium Petri.1-5). , , , : testis unus, testis nullus.
(.27:15-18,20-21,26; .15:6-15; .23:16-19; .18:39-40). , , . , , . , , , .
. - , . , . , Koridethi (IX .), [8] X XV [9]. , , ad traditionem antiquam, : , , , (Orig.In Matth. Comm. ser.121).
??????????? (-a . ) ??????????? (-a . ), (Evangelium secundum Hebraeos. Hier.Matth.27:16), ?????????? (-a . ), ???????? (a) (.15:7). , , , : -, , ()?.. , , !
, , . ? , , (.27:26), ? ?.. : - , , ; , , ...
, . , , .
, - . , , , , , . , , , , , - , .
, , -, , . , , , , , (.19:12). . () , . , . , : . , .
. , , , ! . : , , , (.27:21-23; .15:8-14; .23:16-23; .18:39-40; 19:15). , , , - . , .
, , , (.23:23). , , , , h! , (.21:8-9; .11:8-10; .12:12-13,19). , , , , (.21:46; .11:18; 12:12; 14:1-2; .19:47-48; 20:19; 22:6).
. ? , . . , (.27:20; .15:11). , . , . , . - , . , (Jos.AJ.XVIII.1:1). , (. .7:43).
, , , : , , , , , . , . , . . , , .
, . , [10].
, , . , . (palus, simplex), , ( : patibulum), . (Jos.BJ.VII.6:4), , , ??????? [o] , (.27:32; .15:21; .23:26; .19:17)[11].
Centurio supplicio praepositus ( ) (titulus crucis) , . [12], (.19:20)[13]. . . : ????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ???????? (.27:37). : ? ???????? ??? ???????? (.15:26). : ? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? (.23:38). : ?????? ? ????????? ? ???????? ??? ???????? (.19:19). , ????? (), . .
, ( , ) . ??????????? ??????????, , Ahasverus.
[1] Renan E. Vie de Jesus. Paris: Michel Levy freres, 1863. P. 407. (?????????) (.22:28).
[2] (Jos.AJ.XVIII.3:2); (Jos.BJ.II.9:4) 400 .
[4] Frova A. Liscrizione di Ponzio Pilato a Caesarea. // Rendiconti dellIstituto Lombardo. Accademia di Scienze e Lettere, XCV (1961), p. 419434.
[5] Procurator , , ; , , -. Praefectus , , , ; , -, . , (Tac.Ann.XV.44), , , , ( . . . // , 1965, 3. . 144).
[6] , 50- .
[7] (.18:28); praetorium .
[8] .: Das altarmenische Evangelium, hrsg. B. O. Kunzle. // Europaische Hochschulschriften 33. Bern: Peter Lang, 1984.
[9] .: Codex 1 of the Gospels and Its Allies, ed. K. Lake. // Texts and Studies 7.3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1902.
[10] .: . . ., 1990. . 366376.
[11] , , -, ??????? ????? (.5:30; 10:39; 1 .2:24), , , (. , . Watch Tower, 1994, . 13); , (.27:37; .9,12; Ignatius. Ad Trallianos.11; Just.Apol.I.35; Dial.40,90,91,97; Iren.Haer.II.36:2[24:4]; Tert.Adversus Judaeos; Adversus Marcione.III.18).
[12] , ???????? , (. . Eus.HE.III.39:16).
[13] .23:38 , .
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, (????). Diapasmos stayrosos , ????? , , , . , , , (Eus.HE.II.17:21).
. ( h.73:3) : [], []. ? , (.4:20. ..). : (.9:9. ..).
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, , (??????? [] = ????????????? [ -]) , (.12:14) . , , (.62:11; .9:9), : h! ! (.11:9). , (.12:12,18). , , : , , (.19:39-40).
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-, : , , , [] (Evangelium Ebionitum. Epiph.Haer.XXX.16).
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.
[1] , , .
[2] ????? (), , ???? (), (Just.Dial.69).
[3] .22:43-44 III (75), , .
[4] ϒa-a (. ???????????????, y-) , , .
[5] . .
?? ????????? : ; , , . , , , .
????? [ha] (.18:24; .4:6), (??????) ????? [-a].
- 7 , (Jos.AJ.XVIII.2:1). 14 15 (Ibid.2:2), (Jos.AJ.XX.9:3). , (.18:15-16,19,22; .4:6). , , (Jos.AJ.XVIII.2:1-2; 4:3; 5:3; XIX.6:2; 8:1; XX.9:1): , , (Jos.AJ.9:1). (Jos.AJ.XX.9:3; . .57). , , . (Jos.AJ.XX.9:1; .5:17) , , , 62 (, ) (Jos.AJ.XX.9:1).
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h .
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h ? , h, , , ; . , , h , (., ., .4:3; . h. 35), , h , . . (.13:30; 18:3; .26:57,59,74; 27:1; .14:53,55,68,72; 15:1). , h (??????? )[6], (Jos.CA.II.9; . .6). h ( . h.17; ., , . h.10:11).
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[1] , (???????) (Renan E. Histoire des Origines du Christianisme. Livre premier: Vie de Jesus. 22 ed. Paris: Calmann Levy, 1893. P. 155156), ?????????, ????????.
[2] (.22:66-71) , , .
[3] . .10:6; Jos.AJ.XV.11:4; XVIII.4:3.
[4] . (?????? [-]) , .
[5] . .17:6; .6:13-14; . h.4:5; .h.14:16.
[6] . h. 32, 86, 88, 106. , 41- (?????? ), ??????????????????? h .
[7] : , , , , . , , , , , (Tert.Apol.V.3; Eus.HE.II.25:4).
[8] : , , , , , ; ; . , , , ; (Eus.HE.III.5:3).
[9] : ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? (Dio Cass.LXIX.14).
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|
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. o (?????????), y (????????, 3 .14:6 = ̒ I.14:6) u (????????), , . (?????????? u) , (. .5:5; . .86). (1 .12:28; .4:11).
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, , , , , (.28:14), , .
(.10:2-4; .3:16-19; .6:14-16; .1:13), . , , (Evangelium Ebionitum. Epiph.Haer.XXX.13), , , (???????? [a]), , , , . , ( ) , , -, .
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, . , IV V (.10:3) . , , u (????????) ( ) a (?????) ( ), , , , [1]. , , , , [2], , , [3].
. - : , . !.. : , , [ ] , (Eus.HE.I.13:11). , (.6:15-16; .1:13). , (.14:5,22), IV , (.14:22) (Jn.14:22. Old Syriac Sinaitic, Old Syriac Curetonian). , , , , . (???????), (???????), , , . , (), , ??????? (= . ???????), . , - ; , , ( ), , , -. , .
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, , (.1:44). , , , (Jos.AJ.XVIII.2:1), . (.12:21), , , , (Jos.AJ.XVIII.1:1,6; . .5:37). , ; , , -.
(.4:31,38), (.8:14; .1:30; .4:38; 1 .9:5) (Clem.Strom.III.6; VII.11; Eus.HE.III.30; . 1 .5:13).
, (.1:16,19). , , , () (?????? ????????, .4:19; .1:17; .5:10).
, , (.15:15; 16:16; 17:4; 18:21; 19:27; 26:63; .6:68; 13:69), (.14:28; 26:58; .1:36; .18:16; 21:3,7). , (.24:34; 1 .15:5). (??????) (.2:9), (??? ?????????) (.2:7-8). , , , , (Passio sanctorum apostolorum Petri et Pauli.60; . .21:19).
, , , . , (.26:69-75; .14:66-72; .22:55-62; .18:17-27) , . , , (.16:23; .8:33). , - , , , , (.2:11-14).
(????????? ????????????? [ -]), (.3:17). (.9:38; .9:54; Iren.Haer.III.3:4).
(.1:20) , , , (????????) a (????????), (.4:18-22; .5:10; .1:35,40). , , , , ؒ (????????), (.27:56; .15:40; 16:1; .8:3). , , , o (?????? [-o]), 44 I (.12:1-2); , , , a (????????), , (. .21:23) II (Iren.Haer.II.33:3[22:5]). , (.1:35 .; 21:24).
, [5]. (. XII (?)) , : ? , ??, ?, ? ?, ?. : ? ; . , , , , ? , ? , ? ?. ?, ? [...][6].
(??????? []), , , (.1:35-42)[7]. , , 62 () .
(????????) - (.1:44). , [8] , (Eus.HE.III.30:1; 31:1-5; 39:9; V.24:2), , , , (.21:8-9); , , , , [9].
(???????? [a]) (Eus.HE.I.13:1,11-22; II.1:6-7), , [10]. , , , , a (???????), (.10:3; .3:18; Evangelium Ebionitum. Epiph.Haer.XXX.13). , , , a (??????).
, ͒, [11] (.1:45-49; 21:2), , , (????????) ɒh [12], [13]. , (.16:1; .6:15-16; 24:10; .1:13), (.19:25), (.27:56).
(.6:15; .1:13), ; , () (.10:4; .3:18). ? ????????? , , , (). ? ??????? (, ). , , .
, , (????????), (Eus.HE.III.39:4-5)[14], (????? ????????), , , , (???????????? [ -a]), (, ???????)[15], (??????? = ????????????) (.1:23; Eus.HE.III.39:9-10).
, , , , - (????? ?????????????), , , , , , ah (????????????)[16] (.9:9; 10:3; .2:14; 3:18; .5:27; 6:15; .1:13; Eus.HE.III.39:4-5,16; Evangelium Ebionitum. Epiph.Haer.XXX.13). , , . , (.5:46-47; 9:10-11; 11:19; 18:17; 21:31-32; .2:15-16; .5:30; 7:34; 15:1; 18:11; 19:1-7; . .3:4). , , (????? , ), , ( . .2:3; . h.25). , , .
. , (.27:55-56; .15:40-41; .8:2-3; 23:49). : , [17], , , , , a (???????????), , , (.8:3; 24:10); , (.8:3). , , , a (??????? ???????????), . , [18]. , (.16:9; .8:2), (.3:8; 6:14; Orig.CC.II.55). , , , , , , ? , : , ? (.55; . .118). [19].
, . (, ), , (.17:1-8; .9:2-8; .9:28-36), (.26:36-46; .14:32-42) (.5:22,37-42; . Flavius Philostratus.Vita Apollonii.IV.45), , , , . , , , .
, , (.21:2). , -, , . , (. .5:37; 9:2; 14:33 .2:9; Eus.HE.II.1:2-5).
. , (.24:21), , - , . , , , , , , , , , (.13:18). , , , . , , , , . - , . , , , .
[1] IV (.14:22) : ? ?????????.
[4] (1:42) , , , - (. .16:17; . Orig.Matth.16; Hier.Matth.16:17).
[5] (.1:35-42), ( ) , .
[6] . . . .: , 1973, . 5.
[7] , , , , , , , , , .
[8] ; 196 .
[9] , , , , , , , , , .
[10] , ; , ( ) V (), , (2- II ); , , (), 44 ; , ; , 50 .
[11] , ; , , ; , ; ; , , .
[12] , ( -), , , , .
[14] , , , (Eus.HE.III.39:4) ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? (Renan E. Histoire des Origines du Christianisme. Livre sixieme: LEglise chretienne. Paris: Calmann Levy, 1879. P. 48).
[15] , , , (Justus), , , .
[16] , , , , , 60 .
[17] a a (???????? ?????? ???????).
[18] , , , : , (????????????), , ( , ), , . , , (????????? ???? ???????????????), , , , ; , , : , ? (Epiph.Haer.XXVI.8). , i i (18631882) , .............. (.: . 1, . 161). , , , (Epiphanius. Ancoratus und Panarion. Hrsg. K. Holl. Bd. 1. // Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller 25. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1915. S. 284285), .
[19] , , ; , : !; , ; 20- ; .
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26 - . " ". 43
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28 - . " ". 49 50
...
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41 - . " ". 2. . 2
|
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: , , , , , , , , (.15:21; .7:24), (Jos.Vita.13).
o (?????), , -, o (???????, .49:13), , ( ), 35- . (?????), , , (????, 2 .5:11; 24:7; .23:1; .25:22; .1:9; .26:2; .9:2; .9:13), , , ; ( ).
, (.15:29; .7:31; 8:22).
, , , . : , ! , ! , , ; : , . , , , ; , , ; , , (.11:21-24; .10:12-15).
, , .
, (.8:27). , (Jos.Vita.9), , , (.9:9). , , , , , , .
, . , [1], . , . y (Jos.AJ.XV.10:3; BJ.I.21:3; III.10:7). , , (Jos.AJ.XVIII.2:1); , ( ) .
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, , . (.17:24).
29 () 12 13 , 8-. [...]. [...] (.7:2,10).
...
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[1] (???????? [-o]) , ( 40 , 2814 ); . -- ( : ), -- ( . .: ); : o (???????), ђ (???????) (.3:9) o (??????) (.4:48).
[2] .8:20; .9:58. ; . , (Plutarchus. Tiberius et Gaius Gracchus.9:5).
, (.11:1,18; .4:5), (.45:5), (2 .25:28), (2 .5:7; .22:9), (.47:3; .5:35) (.33:20), , (.2:15).
[2]. , (????????? [-a-]), (?????????? [h--a]) (????????? [h--]) (.3:3; 12:39); (?????????? [h--]) (???????? [h-a-]) (.3:26,28); (??????? [h-a-]) (.2:14; 3:15; 12:37); (???????? [h-a]) (.2:13; 3:13). () , , (Jos.AJ.XV.11:3). , . . 4 . . , . I . , , , . , , (Ibid.11:4,7).
, , . , , , . , .
, , (Jos.AJ.XV.8:5) , , : , (Ibid.8:1), , (Jos.AJ. XIV.7:3; 9:2) (Jos.AJ.XVI.5:2). .
, , , , .
, , , , . , , , , - (.12:12-16). , (.27:57; .15:43; .23:50-51; .19:38). , , , , (.7:13; 12:42-43; 19:38), , -, , , (1 .10:8; .10:34; . .3:1).
- : , , ! , , ! (.23:37; .13:34).
(??????? = ?????????????, . -), [3] () (.11:18). , (.21:17; 26:6; .11:11-12; 14:3; .19:29; . .7:36-50), [4]. , [5], (.12:2; .10:38-40)[6]; , (), , - (.11:20). , , , . ! ! , , . , (.10:40-42).
, , (??? ?????????), (???????) (.13:3; .14:4).
. , , , . , , , (.24:1; .13:1; .21:5), , [8], , : , , ; , , o , (.12:41-44; .21:1-4).
, , (.12:33-37; .6:43-45). , , , , (.39; . .6:36), ; , ? , ; (.14:34-35). , , , (.14:11; . .23:11-12; .18:14; Evangelium secundum Hebraeos. Hier.Comm. in Epist. ad Ephes.5:4; Comm. in Ezech.18; Pel.3:2; . .1:12[13]; . .13).
29 34 (.7:14), (.7:37). : , , ; (??? ?????) , e , ; (? ?????)[9] , (.11:28-30; .94). (.10:1-19).
, (.22:34-40; .12:28-31; . .10:25-28). : (.6:5). : , (.19:18).
, , , (.8:2-11)[10], , . , , , , , . . , , , , , . - - , , , , , , .
, (?????? = ???????? [-o], . --), . (2 .15:23; 3 .15:13; 4 .23:4,6,12). (.3:2). (.3:12)[12].
(????????????? [ ؒa] ) (.18:1-2), (.21:37; 22:39; .18:1).
, , (?????????, .11:54; . 2 .13:23) , , 29 (.10:22-23).
, , (.10:40; . .19:1; .10:1; .18:35). , , , (.20:29; .10:46; .19:1).
, , , ɒo[13], , , , X VIII . . -, hu (???? ??????????? , .34:3; .3:13), 10 [14].
(Strab.XVI.2:41; ..43) , , (Jos.AJ.XIV.4:1; XV.4:2). , ().
, , . , , (Jos.BJ. IV.8:3). , , , . a (Jos.BJ.I.6:6).
, (.20:17-18; .10:33; .18:31). , . , . , , . (.10:35-41; . .20:20-24).
, (.26:6; .14:3; .12:1). (.12:2), , (.26:7; .14:3; . .7:37-38; .12:3). , (.26:8-9; .14:4-5; . .12:4-6). (.26:10; .14:6; . .7:44-48; .8:10-11; 12:7).
[1] .7:33.
[2] ??????? 180 .
[3] ???????? [o] (.1:14) = ?????? [-] (.14:4).
[4] (????? ? ??????, h-o = . ????????? ???????, o ha = . ????????? ?????????, o a), (.11:1; 12:1), , , , ??????? [a] ????????? [--a] (.28:1 = ???????, .1:15), . , , , , , (.11), (), , ().
[5] ????? [a] (.10:38; .11:20) = . ??????? [-a].
[6] , , - , 51 9 31 18 .
[7] , , ; .
[8] ????????? [a] .
[9] , ? ????? : , , , , ; , (?? ????? = . jugum = . ??); ????? ????? , , ????? ?? ????.
[10] (.7:538:11) .: .
[11] .: Strau? D. F. Das Leben Jesu fur das deutsche Volk bearbeitet. 3te Auflage. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1874. S. 259260.
[13] ???????? (.2:1) = ?????? (.19:1; .11:30); , ??????? [ɒ-o] (.22:1; .34:3; 1 .2:34; .3:2).
[14] , --, - ; .
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2 - . " ".
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23 - . " ". 36, 37 38
24 - . " ". 39, 40 42
25 - . " ". 45 46
26 - . " ". 43
27 - . " ". 47 48
...
39 - . " ". . .
40 - . " ". 2. . 1
41 - . " ". 2. . 2
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