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(International Monetary Fund), 60%, 2001 . 83%.
(Food and Agriculture Organization) : 2000 93 ( , , Washington ProFile). 2001 95, 2002 (94), : 102 2003 , 114 2004-, 117 2005-, 127 2006-, 157 2007-. 2008 220 . .
, 40% ( 3%, 17%). Bloomberg, 2007 2008 31%, 74%, 87%, 130%.
(Congressional Research Service) , 2007 4%. 2008 3.5-4.5%. , : 1. , ; 2. ; 3. , ; 4. , (, 1980 20 , 2007 50 ); 5. , , , ( ).
(International Food Policy Research Institute) , : 2000 2007 .
, 2008 5.1% ( 2007 4.8%, 2006- 2.2%). , 29.2% (4.9% ), 8% (, 7%).
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(Wallace Aykroyd) , . 1974 (The Conquest of Famine), . , (, , ), . , , .
(Lester Brown) (Erik Eckholm) (By Bread Alone) ( 1974 ) , , . - . , , , , .
Amartya Sen ( 1998 ) 1981 (Poverty and Famines), , , . 1989 The Political Economy of Hunger ( ). , , , , . , , , . , . , , , , . , , , . , .
, (Stephen Devereux), , 2000 20- (Famine in the Twentieth Century), , , , . , , . , , .
(Alex de Waal), , , : , (Famine that Kills: Darfur, Sudan) , , , , . , - .
. (Mike Davis) (The Late Victorian Holocausts) , 19- . , , , . , , , . , . , , . , , . , .
(Mark Cohen) 1977 : (Food Crisis in Prehistory: Overpopulation and the Origins of Agriculture), , , . , , . , , - ( , , ), . - .

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