_
.
- , . , – . , , , , .
:
. , , . (, ). , .. , .
: . 2 .
: ( ).
: 1
: . , , . ? . .
(Hb, hemoglobin) – ( ), , ( Hb) ( Hb). , (CO2) - ().
:
-
(Hb2) - - , ,
-
(HbH) - ,
-
(HbCO2) - - , , , -
: - /
:
|
|
, / |
2 |
|
134 - 198 |
2 – 1 |
|
107 - 171 |
1 – 2 |
|
94 - 130 |
2 – 4 |
|
103 - 141 |
4 – 6 |
|
111 - 141 |
6 – 9 |
|
114 - 140 |
9 – 12 |
|
113 - 141 |
1 – 6 |
|
110 - 140 |
6 – 9 |
|
115 - 145 |
9 – 12 |
|
120 - 150 |
12 – 15 |
|
115 - 150 |
|
|
120 - 160 |
15 – 18 |
|
117 - 153 |
|
|
117 - 166 |
18 – 45 |
|
117 – 155 |
|
|
132 - 173 |
45 – 65 |
|
117 - 160 |
|
|
131 - 172 |
65 |
|
117 – 161 |
|
|
126 - 174 |
|
:
-
, ( )
-
()
-
, -
-
( HbCO)
-
( , , , )
():
-
–
-
() –
-
, , , ( 12, ) – 12-
-
– , - ,
.
:
-
(HbCO) - (),
-
- , ( - HbMet)
- ( , red blood cells, RBC) – , , . . , . - 120 .
: - 10^12 /
:
|
|
, 1012 / |
2 |
|
3,9 – 5,9 |
2 – 1 |
|
3,3 – 5,3 |
1 – 4 |
|
3,5 – 5,1 |
4 – 6 |
|
3,9 – 5,5 |
6 – 9 |
|
4,0 – 5,3 |
9 – 12 |
|
4,1 – 5,3 |
1 – 3 |
|
3,8 – 4,9 |
3 – 6 |
|
3,7 – 4,9 |
6 – 9 |
|
3,8 – 4,9 |
9 – 12 |
|
3,9 – 5,1 |
12 – 15 |
|
3,8 – 5,0 |
|
|
4,1 – 5,2 |
15 – 18 |
|
3,9 – 5,1 |
|
|
4,2 – 5,6 |
18 – 45 |
|
3,8 – 5,1 |
|
|
4,2 – 5,6 |
45 – 65 |
|
3,8 – 5,3 |
|
|
4,2 – 5,6 |
65 |
|
3,8 – 5,2 |
|
|
3,8 – 5,8 |
|
():
-
( )
-
, - ( )
-
:
-
( , , , , )
-
, ( , , , )
-
(, / -, , )
-
- ,
():
, (. MCV, MCH, MCHC), - . 7,2 - 7,5 . 6,7 , 7,7 - , 9,5 - . - , 50% ( 12 , ). - , 30-50% . , , , . . - (, , , ), . (), . : ( , ), ( , , ), ( , - , ), - ( ).
( ) .
- , .
MCV - (mean cell volume) – , . (, ).
: - fl ()
:
|
|
MCV, fl |
2 |
|
88 – 140 |
2 – 1 |
|
91 – 112 |
1 – 2 |
|
84 – 106 |
2 – 4 |
|
76 – 97 |
4 – 6 |
|
68 – 85 |
6 – 9 |
|
70 – 85 |
9 – 12 |
|
71 – 84 |
1 – 6 |
|
73 - 86 |
6 – 9 |
|
75 – 87 |
9 – 12 |
|
76 - 90 |
12 – 15 |
|
73 – 95 |
|
|
77 – 94 |
15 – 18 |
|
78 – 98 |
|
|
79 – 95 |
18 – 45 |
|
81 – 100 |
|
|
80 – 99 |
45 – 65 |
|
81 – 101 |
|
|
81 – 101 |
65 |
|
81 - 102 |
|
|
81 – 103 |
|
MCV (MCV < 80 fl), (MCV 80 100 fl) (MCV > 100 fl):
MCH - (mean cell hemoglobin) – . , Hb .
: - pg ()
:
|
|
MCH, pg |
2 |
|
30 – 73 |
2 – 1 |
|
29 – 36 |
1 – 2 |
|
27 – 34 |
2 – 4 |
|
25 – 32 |
4 – 6 |
|
24 – 30 |
6 – 9 |
|
25 – 30 |
9 – 12 |
|
24 – 30 |
1 – 3 |
|
22 – 30 |
3 – 9 |
|
25 – 31 |
9 – 12 |
|
26 – 32 |
12 – 15 |
|
26 – 34 |
|
|
27 – 32 |
15 – 18 |
|
26 – 34 |
|
|
27 – 32 |
18 – 45 |
|
27 – 34 |
|
|
27 – 34 |
45 – 65 |
|
27 – 34 |
|
|
27 – 34 |
65 |
|
27 – 35 |
|
|
27 – 34 |
|
-, - :
-
, , ,
-
() . .. , - . , , , , ,
-
, , . , , , , , , , .
MCHC (mean cell hemoglobin concentration) - - . , , .
: /
:
|
|
MCHC, / |
2 |
|
280 – 350 |
2 – 1 |
|
280 – 360 |
1 – 2 |
|
280 – 350 |
2 – 4 |
|
290 – 370 |
4 – 1 |
|
320 - 370 |
1 – 3 |
|
320 – 380 |
3 – 6 |
|
320 – 370 |
6 – 9 |
|
320 – 370 |
9 – 12 |
|
320 - 370 |
12 – 15 |
|
320 – 360 |
|
|
320 – 370 |
15 – 18 |
|
320 – 360 |
|
|
320 – 360 |
18 – 45 |
|
320 – 360 |
|
|
320 – 370 |
45 – 65 |
|
310 – 360 |
|
|
320 – 360 |
65 |
|
320 - 360 |
|
|
310 – 360 |
|
:
:
(Ht, hematocrit) – ( ), .
, 25-15 %. , .. .
.
: %
:
|
|
, % |
2 |
|
41 - 65 |
2 – 1 |
|
33 – 55 |
1 – 2 |
|
28 – 42 |
2 – 4 |
|
32 – 44 |
4 – 6 |
|
31 – 41 |
6 – 9 |
|
32 – 40 |
9 – 12 |
|
33 – 41 |
1 – 3 |
|
32 – 40 |
3 – 6 |
|
32 - 42 |
6 – 9 |
|
33 - 41 |
9 – 12 |
|
34 - 43 |
12 – 15 |
|
34 - 44 |
|
|
35 - 45 |
15 – 18 |
|
34 - 44 |
|
|
37 - 48 |
18 – 45 |
|
35 - 45 |
|
|
39 - 49 |
45 – 65 |
|
35 - 47 |
|
|
39 - 50 |
65 |
|
35 - 47 |
|
|
37 - 51 |
|
:
-
( )
-
( , , , , , )
-
( ) , .
-
( , , , )
:
( , white blood cells, WBC) – , (, , , .).
() . 5 : , , , , (. " ").
– , .
, , , .
( ) , ( ), ( ) ( ), , . , .
: 10^9 /
:
|
, 109 / |
1 |
6,0 – 17,5 |
1 – 2 |
6,0 - 17,0 |
2 - 4 |
5,5 - 15,5 |
4 - 6 |
5,0 - 14,5 |
6 - 10 |
4,5 - 13,5 |
10 - 16 |
4,5 - 13,0 |
16 |
4,5 - 11,0 |
|
4,0 – 9,0 |
|
():
-
, (, , , ). (, , .) ( )
-
;
-
, ( , , , )
-
-
,
-
( : , , )
-
-
(, , , )
-
-
-
-
() : (, , , , -); ;
():
-
(, , , , , , , , , )
-
-
-
-
,
-
-
, ,
-
-
-
-
-
-
–
-
-
, .
-
, , , , ,
(Differential White Blood Cell Count, ) - . ( , ) 5 :
, . - (, , , ), , . .
, , , , , , . , - , , .
, ( ).
:
|
/ (%) |
/ (%) |
(%) |
(%) |
(%) |
(%) |
0 2 |
1 - 5 |
30 - 50 |
1 - 6 |
0 - 1 |
22 - 55 |
5 - 15 |
2 1 |
1 - 5 |
16 - 45 |
1 - 5 |
0 - 1 |
45 - 70 |
4 - 10 |
1 2 |
1 - 5 |
28 - 48 |
1 - 7 |
0 - 1 |
37 - 60 |
3 - 10 |
2 5 |
1 - 5 |
32 - 55 |
1 - 6 |
0 - 1 |
33 - 55 |
3 - 9 |
5 7 |
1 - 5 |
38 - 58 |
1 - 5 |
0 - 1 |
30 - 50 |
3 - 9 |
7 9 |
1 - 5 |
41 - 60 |
1 - 5 |
0 - 1 |
30 - 50 |
3 - 9 |
9 11 |
1 - 5 |
43 - 60 |
1 - 5 |
0 - 1 |
30 - 46 |
3 - 9 |
11 15 |
1 - 5 |
45 - 60 |
1 - 5 |
0 - 1 |
30 - 46 |
3 - 9 |
15 |
1 - 5 |
47 - 72 |
1 - 5 |
0 - 1 |
19 - 37 |
3 - 11 |
|
, , - . ; ( ; ; ) – . ( , , , ) ; ; ; ; . .
() () ; () - , «», «», «», «», «», «» ..
(Neutrophils) - , 50-75% .
() ( ) . - , , - .
, ( ).
(, ):
-
-
(, , , , , , , , , .)
-
(, , , , .)
-
( , , , , , , )
-
-
( , , , )
-
(, , )
-
( )
-
, , , , ,
-
: , , , , , , ,
():
-
, ( , ), (, , , , ), (), ( ),
-
(- , , , )
-
( )
-
-
-
-
-
,
-
, ( , , , , , , , - , , )
– , . ( ) .
(Lymphocytes) – . . , .. .
. - ( , ), ( - ), ( ).
20 - 40% . 4 – 6 , .. , 6 .
!
, () , () , ( ).
():
():
(Monocytes) - , . . 36 104 , , - .
. 100 , - 20-30. , . , , , . " ".
():
():
:
.
|