Soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans in diets for growing-finishing swine

(Соевая мука Roundup Ready и обычная соя в рационе питания выращиваемых на убой свиней)

Cromwell GL, Lindemann MD, Randolph JH, Parker GR, Coffey RD, Laurent KM, Armstrong CL, Mikel WB, Stanisiewski EP, Hartnell GF.

University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546,USA. gcromwel@ca.uky.edu

Effect of GM and non-GM soybeans on the immune system of BN rats and B10A mice

(Влияние ГМ и не-ГМ сои на иммунную систему крыс линии BN и мышей линии B10A)

Teshima R, Akiyama H, Okunuki H, Sakushima J, Onodera H, Goda Y, Onodera H, Sawada JI, Toyoda M. 

Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. rteshima@nihs.go.jp

Subchronic animal feeding studies to examine the effect of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans, which contain the bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, on the immune system were conducted with BN rats and B10A mice. The studies were designed to compare the feeding value of a line of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) to that of closely-related and one-parent same cultivar (non-GM soybeans). Heat-treated soybean meal was incorporated into the diets of the rats and mice at a concentration of 30%. The study duration was 15 weeks. Growth, food intake and weights of the liver and the spleen were compared between animals fed the non-GM and GM lines. The histopathology of the thymus, liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph node, Peyer's patches, and small intestine, and the production of soybean-specific IgE and IgG antibodies in the sera were also compared. Growth, feeding value, and the histopathology of immune-related organs showed no significant differences between animals fed GM and non-GM lines. The production of soybean-specific IgE was not detected in the sera of either group, and the increase in soybean-specific IgG was identical in the GM and non-GM groups. No immunotoxic activity was found in GM-soybeanfed rats or mice.

Исследования субхронического кормления животных с целью изучения влияния глифосат-устойчивой сои, содержащей бактериальный ген СР4 EPSPS (5-енолпирувилшикимат-3-фосфат синтазы из Agrobacterium sp.), на иммунную систему, были проведены на крысах BN и B10A-мышах. Сравнивалась кормовая ценность линии генетически модифицированной глифосат-устойчивой сои (ГМ соя) с родительским (не-ГМ) сортом. Термообработанная соевая мука была включена в рацион крыс и мышей в концентрации 30%. Исследование длилось 15 недель. Показатели роста, приёма пищи, веса печени и селезёнки были сопоставлены между животными, которых кормили не-ГМ и ГМ линиями сои. Были сравнены гистопатология тимуса, печени, селезёнки, кишечного лимфатического узла, пейеровых бляшек и тонкой кишки, а также производство характерных для сои антител IgE и IgG в сыворотке крови. Рост, кормовая ценность и гистопатология органов иммунного ответа не показали никаких существенных различий между животными, которых кормили ГМ и не-ГМ линиями. Производство IgE не было обнаружено в сыворотке крови каждой группы, а увеличение IgG было идентичным в ГМ и не-ГМ группах. Вывод: ГМ-соя не оказывает иммунотоксического действия на крыс и мышей.

Abstract: Effect of GM and non-GM soybeans on the immune system of BN rats and B10A mice.

The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chickens, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance

(Кормовая ценность сои при кормлении ею крыс, цыплят, сома и молочного скота не может быть изменена путём генетического внедрения устойчивости к глифосату)

Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA.

Animal feeding studies were conducted with rats, broiler chickens, catfish and dairy cows as part of a safety assessment program for a soybean variety genetically modified to tolerate in-season application of glyphosate. These studies were designed to compare the feeding value (wholesomeness) of two lines of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GTS) to the feeding value of the parental cultivar from which they were derived. Processed GTS meal was incorporated into the diets at the same concentrations as used commercially; diary cows were fed 10 g/100 g cracked soybeans in the diet, a level that is on the high end of what is normally fed commercially. In a separate study, laboratory rats were fed 5 and 10 g unprocessed soybean meal 100 g diet. The study durations were 4 wk (rats and dairy cows), 6 wk (broilers) and 10 wk (catfish). Growth, feed conversion (rats, catfish, broilers), fillet composition (catfish), and breast muscle and fat pad weights (broilers) were compared for animals fed the parental and GTS lines. Milk production, milk composition, rumen fermentation and nitrogen digestibility were also compared for dairy cows. In all studies, measured variables were similar for animals fed both GTS lines and the parental line, indicating that the feeding value of the two GTS lines is comparable to that of the parental line. These studies support detailed compositional analysis of the GTS seeds, which showed no meaningful differences between the parental and GTS lines in the concentrations of important nutrients and antinutrients. They also confirmed the results of other studies that demonstrated the safety of the introduced protein, a bacterial 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4.

Исследования кормления животных проводились на крысах, цыплятах-бройлерах, сомах и молочным скоте в рамках программы оценки безопасности для сорта ГМ-сои. Они были разработаны, чтобы сравнить кормовую ценность двух линий глифосат-устойчивой сои (GTS). Исследования длились 4 недели (крысы и молочный скот), 6 недель (бройлеры) и 10 недель (сом). Показатели роста, состава филе (сом), грудных мускул, скопления жировой ткани (бройлеры), производства молока, состава молока и усваиваемости азота (молочный скот) были сравнены с показателями животных, которых кормили родительской (не-ГМ) линией сои. Вывод: все исследования показали аналогичную кормовую (концентрация вредных и важных питательных веществ) ценность для родительский и GTS линий.

PMID: 8598557
Сама статья: The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chickens, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance.

A generational study of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans on mouse fetal, postnatal, pubertal and adult testicular development

(Генерационное изучение влияния устойчивой к глифосфатам сои на эмбриональное, постнатальное, пубертатное и взрослое развитие мышей)

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.

The health safety of transgenic soybeans (glyphosate-tolerant or Roundup Ready) was studied using the mammalian testis (mouse model) as a sensitive biomonitor of potential toxic effects. Pregnant mice were fed a transgenic soybean or a non-transgenic (conventional) diet through gestation and lactation. After weaning, the young male mice were maintained on the respective diets. At 8, 16, 26, 32, 63 and 87 days after birth, three male mice and an adult reference mouse were killed, the testes surgically removed, and the cell populations measured by flow cytometry. Multi-generational studies were conducted in the same manner. The results showed that the transgenic foodstuffs had no effect on macromolecular synthesis or cell growth and differentiation as evidenced by no differences in the percentages of testicular cell populations (haploid, diploid, and tetraploid) between the transgenic soybean-fed mice and those fed the conventional diet. Additionally, there were no differences in litter sizes and body weights of the two groups. It was concluded that the transgenic soybean diet had no negative effect on fetal, postnatal, pubertal or adult testicular development.

Изучалась безопасность для здоровья генетически модифицированной Roundup Ready сои посредством анализа яичек млекопитающих. Беременных мышей кормили трансгенной и обычной соей в течение беременности и лактации. После отлучения от матери, в каждой временной точке (8, 16, 26, 32, 63 и 87 дней после рождения) производили умерщвление трех мышей, хирургическим путем удаляли яички, а популяции клеток (гаплоидных, диплоидных и тетраплоидных) исследовали при помощи проточной цитометрии. Результаты показали, что трансгенные продукты питания не влияют на макромолекулярный синтез и пролиферацию клеток. Авторы также не выявили различий в размере помета между четырьмя поколениями мышей, которые получали пищу, содержащую 21% RR сои, по сравнению с группой мышей, получавших обычную сою. Во всех поколениях не было отмечено летальных исходов у потомства.  Вывод: трансгенная соя не оказывает отрицательного воздействия на состояние плода, послеродовое и пубертатное развитие мышей.

PMID: 14630127
Сама статья: A generational study of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans on mouse fetal, postnatal, pubertal and adult testicular development.

Comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing event DP-356Ø43-5 (Optimum GAT), nontransgenic near-isoline control, or commercial reference soybean meal, hulls, and oil

(Сравнение цыплят-бройлеров при кормлении рационами, содержащими DP-356Ø43-5 сою, не-трансгенный почти-изолинейный контроль или коммерческую соевую муку, скорлупу семян и масло)

Solution BioSciences, 2028 Northwood Drive, Salisbury, MD 21801, USA. mcnaughton@ahpharma.com

Event DP-356Ø43-5 (356043; Optimum GAT) is a genetically modified soybean (Glycine max) that was produced by insertion of the gat4601 and gm-hra genes. The expression products of these genes are the glyphosate acetyltransferase 4601 and acetolactate synthase proteins, respectively. Expression of the glyphosate acetyltransferase 4601 protein confers tolerance in planta to the herbicidal active ingredient glyphosate, whereas expression of the acetolactate synthase protein confers tolerance to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional equivalence of 356043 soybeans to nontransgenic soybeans in a 42-d feeding trial in broiler chickens. Diets were prepared using processed fractions (meal, hulls, and oil) from untreated 356043 soybean plants or from soybean plants treated with a mixture of glyphosate, chlorimuron, and thifensulfuron (356043 + Gly/SU). For comparison, additional diets were produced with soybean fractions obtained from a nontransgenic near-isoline (control; 091) and nontransgenic commercial Pioneer varieties (93B86, 93B15, and 93M40). Diets were fed to Ross x Cobb broilers (n = 120/group, 50% male and 50% female) in 3 phases. Starter diets contained 30% soybean meal, grower diets 26% soybean meal, and finisher diets 21.5% soybean meal. Soybean hulls and oil were added at 1.0 and 0.5%, respectively, across all diets in each phase. No statistically significant differences were observed in mortality, growth performance variables, or carcass and organ yields between broilers consuming diets produced with 356043 or 356043 + Gly/SU soybean fractions and those consuming diets produced with near-isoline control soybean fractions. Additionally, all performance and carcass variables from control, 356043, and 356043 + Gly/SU soybean treatment groups fell within the tolerance intervals constructed using data from reference soybean groups. Based on the results from this study, it was concluded that 356043 soybean was nutritionally equivalent to nontransgenic control soybean with a comparable genetic background.

DP-356Ø43-5 (356043; Optimum GAT) - генетически модифицированная соя (Glycine Max), которая была произведена путём инсерции генов gat4601 и GM-HRA. Экспрессия продуктов этих генов - белки глифосфат ацетилтрансферазы 4601 и ацетолактатсинтаза. Белок глифосфат ацетилтрансферазы 4601 делает растение устойчивым к гербициду глифосат, а ацетолактатсинтаза - к сульфонилмочевине и имидазолинону. Цель данного исследования была в том, чтобы сравнить эквивалентность питания соей 356043 и обычной не-трансгенной соей в 42-дневном кормлении цыплят-бройлеров. Режимы питания были подготовлены на основе порций (мука, скорлупа семян и масло) из необработанной сои 356043 и обработанной смесью глифосфат, хлоримурон и тифенсульфурон (356043 + Gly / SU). Для сравнения использовались дополнительные рационы с соевыми порциями, полученных от не-трансгенных почти-изолинейных (контроль; 091) и некоммерческих сортов Pioneer (93B86, 93B15, и 93M40). Рационы подавались цыплятам (N = 120/группа, 50% самцов и 50% самок) в 3 этапа. Начальная диета содержала 30% соевый шрот, средняя - 26% соевой муки и конечная -  21,5% соевой муки. Скролупа соевых семян и масло были добавлены в количестве 1,0 и 0,5%  в все режимы питания на каждом этапе. Не наблюдались статистически знаемые различия в показателях смертности, роста туш животных и органов. Вывод: трансгенная соя 356043 эквивалентна не-трансгенной.

PMID: 18029803
Сама статья: Comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing event DP-356Ø43-5 (Optimum GAT), nontransgenic near-isoline control, or commercial reference soybean meal, hulls, and oil.

A 52-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats

(Изучение 52-недельного кормления крыс линии F344 генетически модифицированной соей)

Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health: 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan.

A chronic feeding study to evaluate the safety of the genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) was conducted using rats. F344 DuCrj rats were fed diet containing GM soybeans or Non-GM soybeans at the concentration of 30% in basal diet. Non-GM soybeans were closely related strain of GM soybeans. These two diets were adjusted to an identical nutrient level. In this study, the influence of GM soybeans on rats was compared with that of the Non-GM soybeans, and furthermore, to assess the effect of soybeans themselves, the groups of rats fed GM and Non-GM soybeans were compared with a group fed commercial diet (CE-2). General conditions were observed daily and body weight and food consumption were recorded. At the intermediate examination (26 weeks), and at the termination (52 weeks), animals were subjected to hematology, serum biochemistry, and pathological examination. There were several differences in animal growth, food intake, serum biochemical parameters and histological findings between the rats fed the GM and/or Non-GM soybeans and the rats fed CE-2. However, body weight and food intake were similar for the rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. Gross necropsy findings, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, organ weights, and pathological findings showed no meaningful difference between rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. These results indicate that long-term intake of GM soybeans at the level of 30% in diet has no apparent adverse effect in rats.

Крысы линии F344 DuCrj в течение 52 недель употребляли рацион, содержащий 30% трансгенной сои, устойчивой к действию гербицида глифосат. Контрольные группы крыс употребляли 30% не-ГМ сои в дополнение к основному рациону. Использовались родственные сорта ГМ и не-ГМ сои, а общий состав нутриентов в опытной и контрольной группах был идентичен. Все животные проходили ежедневный контроль с регистрацией веса тела и количества потребляемой пищи. На 26 и 52 неделях также проводили гематологические, биохимические и патологические исследования. Вес тела и количество потребляемой пищи оказались идентичными для групп животных, потреблявших ГМ и не-ГМ сою на всем протяжении эксперимента. Гематологические, биохимические и патоморфологические исследования также не обнаружили никаких существенных различий между этими двумя группами. Вывод: хроническое употребление сои, устойчивой к глифосату, в количестве 30% от базовой диеты не приводит к явным негативным последствиям для организма крысы.

PMID: 17657996
Сама статья: A 52-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats.

A 104-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats

(Изучение 104-недельного кормления крыс линии F344 генетически модифицированной соей)

Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health. Tokyo, Japan.

A chronic feeding study to evaluate the safety of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) was conducted using F344 DuCrj rats. The rats were fed diet containing GM soybeans or Non-GM soybeans at the concentration of 30% in basal diet. Non-GM soybeans were a closely related strain to the GM soybeans. These two diets were adjusted to an identical nutrient level. In this study, the influence of GM soybeans in rats was compared with that of the Non-GM soybeans, and furthermore, to assess the effect of soybeans themselves, the groups of rats fed GM and Non-GM soybeans were compared with a group fed commercial diet (CE-2). General conditions were observed daily and body weight and food consumption were recorded. At the termination (104 weeks), animals were subjected to hematology, serum biochemistry, and pathological examinations. There were several differences in animal growth, food intake, organ weights and histological findings between the rats fed the GM and/or Non-GM soybeans and the rats fed CE-2. However, body weight and food intake were similar for the rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. Gross necropsy findings, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, and organ weights showed no meaningful difference between rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. In pathological observation, there was neither an increase in incidence nor any specific type of nonneoplastic or neoplastic lesions in the GM soybeans group in each sex. These results indicate that long-term intake of GM soybeans at the level of 30% in diet has no apparent adverse effect in rats.

При увеличении продолжительности питания в два раза отрицательных последствий от генетически модифицированной сои обнаружено не было.

PMID: 18787312
Сама статья: A 104-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats

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