- 3 |
|
(Assessment of the impact of GMO of plant origin on rat progeny development in 3 generations)
.. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , ..
N.V. Tyshko, V.M. Zhminchenko, V.A. Pashorina, K.E. Selyaskin, V.P. Saprykin, N.T. Utembaeva, V.A. Tutelyan
,
Institute of Nutrition of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
- , . : 109240, , , . 2/14 : (495) 698-53-64
The publication presents the results of assessment of impact of genetically modified (GM) maize Liberty Link® on prenat al and post natal development of progeny of 3 generations oj Wist a r rats. A total of 630 adult animals and 2837pups were used in the experiment. The animals were divided into 5 groups which got. the diets with inclusion of maize: the animals of the experimental group got: the diet with the GM-maize, animals of the control group - with near isogenic conventional analogue of the GM-maize, animals of the 1, 2 and 3 reference groups - conventional varieties of maize «ROSS 144 MV», «ROSS 197MV», «Dokuchayevskaya 250 MV» respectively. The maize was included in the diet at maximum possible level not: isolating the balance of basic nutrients. Analysis oj the data obtained during the study did not reveal any impact of GM-maize on rat progeny development.Key words: reproductive function, genetically modified (GM) foods. GM-maize, the progeny development of rats
() ® - 3 . , 630 . 2837 . 5 , , : - , - 3 -« 144 MB», « 197 » « 250 » (1-, 2- 3- ). , . - - .
: , () , -,
: - |
|
|
, . . , , . . , , "", . , , . 2007 80% . . , .
. "" 2005 , 27% , 2002 - 21%. . , 46% . 38 34% , , . , 14% 13% .
, . "", 2005 , , 42% , "" , (49% ), . , 44% , / , .
: |
|
Aqua Bounty , – , .
- . , , . 1 340 ; 663 .
- 18–24 , — 30.
. Aqua Bounty , - . 2012 . , , , .
. -, , , .
: |
|
http://fraudcatalog.com/?p=2521
, - , . .. () 2008—2009 . (). « , — . — , -». . - , , « ». , . , . , , , , , — . , , , , .
„Molecular Plant Breeding”. : « - «» , . . , ».
, . . , . . , , , ? .
. . ?
: «, () . 2008—2010 , ».
, -... .. , ... .. , .. ... .. , . , « » ... ... , . , . , , , - . , , . .. ? , . - — , , ? , — 2008 . , , , . : , .. .. . , ?
.
, , , : « ?».
. . ? , , . , , , ? , . ? , 90%? ? ?
. ? , : , ? ? ? ? .
. , - ? . , , , , . .
. , . , , . : - (-1 -2) , . . , , , . , , . , , -, , . — : , , , , . , , . — , - . , . — 4 2008 ., , - ( ?) , , , . ? ? , , , -1 -2, , - , , . . ?
. , . , . , , , , , . .
. , , . . , . , . . 11 16 (!) . , , .
, , , , , - , . , : , . , , () , - , . , , « ?».
?
. , . . , , , , . ; , — . , , , , : « , , , , - -1 -2… , , — ». , , , , . ! . , , ? , , . , . , , .
. , , . . , . «- , » — , , . « » « », . «» , . , , , .
, , . , , , , . , , , - . . .
- , Nature . . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, , - . , , .
,
,
,
,
: |
Evaluation of corn grain with the genetically modified input trait DAS-59122-7 fed to pigs |
|
( DAS-59122-7 )
Stein HH, Rice DW, Smith BL, Hinds MA, Sauber TE, Pedersen C, Wulf DM, Peters DN.
Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, USA. hstein@uiuc.edu
A growth performance experiment was conducted to assess the feeding value of a double-stacked transgenic corn grain for growing-finishing pigs. The genetically modified corn grain contained event DAS-59122-7, which expresses the Cry34/35Ab1 binary insecticidal protein for the control of corn rootworm. This modified transgenic grain is resistant to western corn rootworm and is also tolerant to herbicides containing the active ingredient glufosinate-ammonium. The modified grain (59122), a nontransgenic near-isoline grain (control corn), and a commercial corn (Pioneer brand hybrid 35P12) were grown in a 2005 production trial in individually isolated plots that were located 201 m apart. A total of 108 pigs were allotted to corn-soybean meal diets containing 1 of the 3 grains as the sole source of corn. There were 3 pigs per pen and 12 replicate pens per treatment. Pigs were fed grower diets from 37 to 60 kg, early finisher diets from 60 to 90 kg, and late finisher diets from 90 to 127 kg. Within each phase, data for ADG, ADFI, and G:F were calculated. At the conclusion of the experiment, pigs were slaughtered and data for carcass quality were collected. Differences between 59122 and the control corn were evaluated, with statistical significance at P<0.05. No differences in ADG, ADFI, or G:F between pigs fed the control corn and pigs fed the modified corn were observed during the grower, early finisher, or late finisher phases. For the entire experimental period, no difference between pigs fed the control and the 59122 corn were observed for final BW (128.9 vs. 127.1 kg), ADG (1.02 vs. 1.00 kg), ADFI (2.88 vs. 2.80 kg), or G:F (0.356 vs. 0.345 kg/kg). Likewise, no differences in dressing percentage (76.48 vs. 76.30%), LM area (49.8 vs. 50.4 cm(2)), 10th-rib back fat (2.20 vs. 2.12 cm), and carcass lean content (52.9 vs. 53.4%) were observed between pigs fed the control and the 59122 corn grain. It was concluded that the nutritional value of the modified transgenic corn grain containing event DAS-59122-7 was similar to that of the nontransgenic near-isoline control.
. DAS-59122-7, Cry34/35Ab1. , . (59122), () ( 35P12 "Pioneer") , 201 . , , , 108 . "grower" 37 60 , "early finisher" 60 90 , 90 127 "late finisher". : ADG, ADFI G: F. , . 59122 P <0,05. ADG, ADFI G: F , , , . , , 59122 , BW (128,9 127,1 ), ADG (1,02 1,00 ), ADFI (2,88 2,80 ) G : F (0,356 0,345 / ). , DAS-59122-7 .
PMID: 19098236
: Evaluation of corn grain with the genetically modified input trait DAS-59122-7 fed to growing-finishing pigs.
: - |
Safety considerations of DNA in food |
|
( )
Jonas DA, Elmadfa I, Engel KH, Heller KJ, Kozianowski G, König A, Müller D, Narbonne JF, Wackernagel W, Kleiner J.
Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Recombinant DNA techniques are capable of introducing genetic changes into food organisms that are more predictable than those introduced through conventional breeding techniques. This review discusses whether the consumption of DNA in approved novel foods and novel food ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be regarded as being as safe as the consumption of DNA in existing foods. It concludes that DNA from GMOs is equivalent to DNA from existing food organisms that has always been consumed with human diets. Any risks associated with the consumption of DNA will remain, irrespective of its origin, because the body handles all DNA in the same way. The breakdown of DNA during food processing and passage through the gastrointestinal tract reduces the likelihood that intact genes capable of encoding foreign proteins will be transferred to gut microflora. The review does not specifically address food safety issues arising from the consumption of viable genetically modified microorganisms but it shows that the likelihood of transfer and functional integration of DNA from ingested food by gut microflora and/or human cells is minimal. Information reviewed does not indicate any safety concerns associated with the ingestion of DNA per se from GMOs resulting from the use of currently available recombinant DNA techniques in the food chain.
-, , , . , , (), , . , , . , , , . , , / , .
PMID: 1178664
: Safety considerations of DNA in food.
: |
? |
, , , : , . , - -, , .
. (FNPSMS) - , , . : , .
, , : , .
: FNPSMS "" (, ) . .
, / .
, , , 7 , . 2008 - 125 , - 37,3 (30%).
- ( -) 108 . (88 . 2007 .) - , , , , , . - : - 85% . - . , -, .
( ).
"" . , . , , .
2000 - , . , "" , , , . , - . - . , . , , "" "", -, -. - - . , - ( ), ( , ) .
, , , - . : , .
FNPSMS, . , , - , .
- ( . ). "" Farmer. -: - - 2007 .
"" ( 50 . ) . ( . , - -).
- (-) (1 ~ 4,5 RON):
, - , . , - . , - , . ( ) .
: -.
"" . - (SmartStax), . , GenuityTM SmartStaxTM (, , - , , , -) ( ) . ( ""). , , " ". , , , . , , - ( ).
"" , , , ( . (, !) - ( ) - , - -3.
- "" : 2008 1 .
-, , , . , - , . , - , , .
, , . - . , , , . ., . . .
: |
A three generation study with GM Bt corn in rats |
|
( : )
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkiye. aykilic@hacettepe.edu.tr
For the last ten years, in accordance with the increased use of genetically modified (GM) foods for human and livestock, a large number of feeding studies have been carried out. However, the evidence is still far from proving whether the long-term consumption of GM foods poses a possible danger for human or animal health. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of transgenic corn on the rats that were fed through three generations with either GM corn or its conventional counterpart. Tissue samples of stomach, duodenum, liver and kidney were obtained for histopathological examinations. The average diameter of glomeruli, thickness of renal cortex and glomerular volume were calculated and number of affected animals/number of examined animals for liver and kidney histopathology were determined. Amounts of urea, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin and globulin were determined; enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase and amylase were measured in serum samples. No statistically significant differences were found in relative organ weights of rats within groups but there were some minimal histopathological changes in liver and kidney. Changes in creatinine, total protein and globulin levels were also determined in biochemical analysis.
, - . , , . , , , , , , , ; , , , , . : ( ).
PMID: 18191319
: A three generation study with genetically modified Bt corn in rats: Biochemical and histopathological investigation.
: - bt- |
|
12 2009
|
SemBioSys Genetics , . . , ( ). , . . , , , . , ( ). |
: |
|
~ 8000 ..
4000 - 20000 ..
500 ..
100 ..
1590 - 1675
1835 - 1855
1857
1859
1865
1870 - 1890
1919
1928
1930
1933
1942
1944
1953
1958
1961
1963
1970
1976
1980
1982
1983
1986
1987
1990
1993
1994
1996-1997
2000
: |
Soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans in diets for swine |
|
( Roundup Ready )
Cromwell GL, Lindemann MD, Randolph JH, Parker GR, Coffey RD, Laurent KM, Armstrong CL, Mikel WB, Stanisiewski EP, Hartnell GF.
University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546,USA. gcromwel@ca.uky.edu
Dehulled soybean meal prepared from genetically modified, herbicide (glyphosate)-tolerant Roundup Ready soybeans containing the CP4 EPSPS protein and near-isogenic conventional soybeans were assessed in an experiment with growing-finishing pigs. The soybeans were grown in the yr 2000 under similar agronomic conditions except that the Roundup Ready soybeans were sprayed with Roundup herbicide. Both were processed at the same plant. The composition of the two types of soybeans and the processed soybean meal were similar. Corn-soybean meal diets containing conventional or Roundup Ready soybean meal and fortified with minerals and vitamins were fed to 100 cross-bred pigs from 24 to 111 kg BW. Diets contained approximately 0.95% lysine initially and were reduced to 0.80 and 0.65% lysine when pigs reached 55 and 87 kg BW, respectively. There were 10 pens (five pens of barrows and five pens of gilts) per treatment with five pigs per pen. All pigs were scanned at 107 kg mean BW and all barrows were killed at the end of the test for carcass measurements and tissue collection. Rate and efficiency of weight gain, scanned backfat and longissimus area, and calculated carcass lean percentage were not different (P > 0.05) for pigs fed diets containing conventional or Roundup Ready soybean meal. Gilts gained slower, but they were more efficient and leaner (P < 0.05) than barrows. Responses to the type of soybean meal were similar for the two sexes with no evidence of a diet x sex interaction for any of the traits. In most instances, carcass traits of barrows were similar for the two types of soybean meal. Longissimus muscle samples from barrows fed conventional soybean meal tended (P = 0.06) to have less fat than those fed Roundup Ready soybean meal, but water, protein, and ash were similar. Sensory scores of cooked longissimus muscles were not influenced (P > 0.05) by diet. The results indicate that Roundup Ready soybean meal is essentially equivalent in composition and nutritional value to conventional soybean meal for growing-finishing pigs.
- Roundup Ready, 4 EPSPS , . 2000 , Roundup Ready Roundup. . , Roundup Ready , 100 24 111 . 0,95% , 0,80 0,65%, 55 87 . 107 . ( ) (> 0,05) , RR . : , Roundup Ready .
PMID: 11890406
: Soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans in diets for growing-finishing swine.
: roundup read |
Effects of Bt corn on reproductive performance in laying hens |
|
( Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) )
Rasmussen MA, Cutler SA, Wilhelms KW, Scanes CG.
National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA-Department of Animal Science, Program in Toxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
Genetically Modified (GM) crops are widely used. Research has focused on examining differences between GM and conventional corn feeding on broiler performance and carcass composition. However, relatively little attention has been focused on reproductive effects on the recipient animals. To address this, the present study employed laying hens as a model due to their rapid reproductive development and rate of egg production. This study investigated the putative effects of a diet consisting of Starlink corn (expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis gene Cry9C) on the fecundity of the laying hen. Twenty-week-old point of lay pullets were fed a diet containing corn positive for the Cry9C (Starlink) gene (not a current variety) for 3 weeks, paired with a corn-based diet known not to contain the gene. During the study, the number of eggs collected, egg shell thickness, number of yolks and egg weight and, upon necropsy, body, ovary and ovary weight, together with the number of yolky (yellow) follicles were recorded. There were no negative effects observed on any parameter measured. The present data do not suggest that Bt corn is a cause of concern to the poultry or livestock industry.
. , Starlink ( Cry9C Bacillus thuringiensis) . , Bt- (Starlink) Cry9C - , 3- . , , , - , , , . : . Bt- .
Abstract.
: Effects of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) corn on reproductive performance in adult laying hens.
: bt- |
Effect of subchronic feeding of GM corn on immune system in BN rats and B10A mice |
|
( (CBH351) BN B10A-)
National Institute of Health Sciences: 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
Subchronic animal feeding studies to examine the effect on the immune system of genetically modified corn CBH351, which contains the Cry9C protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tolworthi, were conducted in female BN rats and B10A mice. The studies were designed to compare the effect of a line of genetically modified corn CBH351 (GM corn) with that of isoline corn (non-GM corn). Heat-treated corn meal was incorporated into the diets of the rats and mice at a concentration of 50%. The study duration was 13 weeks. Growth, food intake, and organ weights of the thymus, spleen, and liver were compared between animals fed the non-GM and GM lines. The histological findings in thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, small intestines, liver, kidney, and bone marrow, and the presence of Cry9C-specific IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgA antibodies in serum were also compared. The results showed no significant differences in growth, feeding value, or the histological findings in immunity-related organs between the animals fed the GM and non-GM lines. Production of Cry9 C-specific IgE and IgA was not detected in the serum of either group. Production of Cry9C-specific IgG and IgG1 was slightly increased in the 50% GM groups of BN rats. No Cry9C-specific IgG or IgG1 was detected in the serum of BN rats fed the diet containing 5% GM-corn In conclusion, no immunotoxic activity was detected in the GM-corn-fed rats and mice in this subchronic dietary study.
CBH351, Cry9C, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tolworthi, , BN B10A-. CBH351 ( ) (-) . 50%. 13 . , , , - . , , , , , , , Cry9C IgE,IgG, IgA IgG1 . , , - . Cry9C IgA IgE . IgG IgG1 50% BN- : Bt- .
PMID: 12607925
: Effect of subchronic feeding of genetically modified corn (CBH351) on immune system in BN rats and B10A mice.
: bt- |
|
, . . - . ..,
- , , , . , , .
, . , . -, (); , . -, , , , . , . , , .
, , . , , , . , , , , , . , , . . , , , - . , - . , .
, , . , , , , , , , , .
, , . , . , .
, , , . .
- ? , . , , , . , , . , , . , , , . , , , , . , -. , , - .
. , 30% , , . , , , . , . , , , .
. , , , , 180 , . . , , . , .
- . , . , . , , ? , . . , . , , . , 20 . , , -. , . , .
, ( ).
- , -. , TrustinFood 2000- . - , -.
, . . , , , ?
, . , , . - . , . , , , , - , - - .
- - , , , . , , . : " , ". -, , ( ) .
: |
Effect of GM and non-GM soybeans on the immune system of BN rats and B10A mice |
|
( - BN B10A)
Teshima R, Akiyama H, Okunuki H, Sakushima J, Onodera H, Goda Y, Onodera H, Sawada JI, Toyoda M.
Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. rteshima@nihs.go.jp
Subchronic animal feeding studies to examine the effect of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans, which contain the bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, on the immune system were conducted with BN rats and B10A mice. The studies were designed to compare the feeding value of a line of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) to that of closely-related and one-parent same cultivar (non-GM soybeans). Heat-treated soybean meal was incorporated into the diets of the rats and mice at a concentration of 30%. The study duration was 15 weeks. Growth, food intake and weights of the liver and the spleen were compared between animals fed the non-GM and GM lines. The histopathology of the thymus, liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph node, Peyer's patches, and small intestine, and the production of soybean-specific IgE and IgG antibodies in the sera were also compared. Growth, feeding value, and the histopathology of immune-related organs showed no significant differences between animals fed GM and non-GM lines. The production of soybean-specific IgE was not detected in the sera of either group, and the increase in soybean-specific IgG was identical in the GM and non-GM groups. No immunotoxic activity was found in GM-soybeanfed rats or mice.
- , 4 EPSPS (5--3- Agrobacterium sp.), , BN B10A-. - ( ) (-) . 30%. 15 . , , , - . , , , , , IgE IgG . , , - . IgE , IgG - . : - .
Abstract: Effect of GM and non-GM soybeans on the immune system of BN rats and B10A mice.
: - |
Evaluation of Bt corn on mouse testicular development by flow cytometry |
|
( Bt- )
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA.
The health safety of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) corn (Zea mays L.) was studied using mouse testes as a sensitive biomonitor of potential toxic effects. Pregnant mice were fed a Bt corn or a nontransgenic (conventional) diet during gestation and lactation. After they were weaned, young male mice were maintained on the respective diets. At 8, 16, 26, 32, 63, and 87 days after birth, three male mice and an adult reference mouse were killed, the testes were surgically removed, and the percentage of germ cell populations was measured by flow cytometry. Multigenerational studies were conducted in the same manner. There were no apparent differences in percentages of testicular cell populations (haploid, diploid, and tetraploid) between the mice fed the Bt corn diet and those fed the conventional diet. Because of the high rate of cell proliferation and extensive differentiation that makes testicular germ cells highly susceptible to some toxic agents, it was concluded that the Bt corn diet had no measurable or observable effect on fetal, postnatal, pubertal, or adult testicular development. If data from this study were extrapolated to humans, Bt corn is not harmful to human reproductive development.
Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) (Zea mays L.) . . , (8, 16, 26, 32, 63 87 ) , , (, ) . - , , , Bt- , . , Bt- .
PMID: 15053558
: Evaluation of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) corn on mouse testicular development by dual parameter flow cytometry.
: - bt- |
Long term feeding of Bt-corn--a ten-generation study with quails |
|
( Bt- )
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Braunschweig, Germany. gerhard.flachowsky@fal.de
A ten-generation experiment with growing and laying quails were carried out to test diets with 40 (starter) or 50% (grower, layer) isogenic or transgenic (Bt 176) corn. Feeding of diets containing genetically-modified corn did not significantly influence health and performance of quails nor did it affect DNA-transfer and quality of meat and eggs of quails compared with the isogenic counterpart.
, 40 () 50% (Bt 176) . : , , -, .
: - bt- |
The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats... and dairy cattle is not altered by GT |
|
( , , )
Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA.
Animal feeding studies were conducted with rats, broiler chickens, catfish and dairy cows as part of a safety assessment program for a soybean variety genetically modified to tolerate in-season application of glyphosate. These studies were designed to compare the feeding value (wholesomeness) of two lines of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GTS) to the feeding value of the parental cultivar from which they were derived. Processed GTS meal was incorporated into the diets at the same concentrations as used commercially; diary cows were fed 10 g/100 g cracked soybeans in the diet, a level that is on the high end of what is normally fed commercially. In a separate study, laboratory rats were fed 5 and 10 g unprocessed soybean meal 100 g diet. The study durations were 4 wk (rats and dairy cows), 6 wk (broilers) and 10 wk (catfish). Growth, feed conversion (rats, catfish, broilers), fillet composition (catfish), and breast muscle and fat pad weights (broilers) were compared for animals fed the parental and GTS lines. Milk production, milk composition, rumen fermentation and nitrogen digestibility were also compared for dairy cows. In all studies, measured variables were similar for animals fed both GTS lines and the parental line, indicating that the feeding value of the two GTS lines is comparable to that of the parental line. These studies support detailed compositional analysis of the GTS seeds, which showed no meaningful differences between the parental and GTS lines in the concentrations of important nutrients and antinutrients. They also confirmed the results of other studies that demonstrated the safety of the introduced protein, a bacterial 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4.
, -, -. , - (GTS). 4 ( ), 6 () 10 (). , (), , (), , ( ) , (-) . : ( ) GTS .
PMID: 8598557
: The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chickens, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance.
: - |
Nutritional evaluation of genetically modified maize corn performed on rats |
|
( )
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Research Institute of Animal Production, Hlohovská 2, 949 92 Nitra, Slovak Republic. chrenko@vuzv.sk
The aim of this study was to determine the composition and nutritional value of conventional and transgenic, so-called Roundup Ready (RR) maize with an introduced gene of glyphosate resistance. Crude protein, crude fibre, ash, fat, starch, sugar, amino acids, fatty acid and macroelement levels were determined by chemical analysis. In both maize lines a low level of Ca (0.15 g.kg-1 DM) and of the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan (2.6 and 1.7 g.kg-1 DM, respectively) were observed. In the biological experiment carried out on rats the tested maize lines were the only dietary sources of nitrogen, thus, the experimental diets contained 9% CP in dietary dry matter. In the feeding experiment no significant differences in the protein efficiency ratio (PER) were observed between groups receiving conventional or transgenic maize (1.51 and 1.41, respectively). Also almost equal results were obtained in the balance experiments. Both maize lines revealed a high nitrogen digestibility (84.9 and 84.5%, respectively) and the net protein utilization amounted to 63.5 and 63.2%, respectively. From these results can be concluded that regarding nutrient composition and utilisation, genetically modified (RR) maize is equivalent to isogenic maize.
Roundup Ready (RR) , . , , , , , , . Ca (0.15 g.kg-1 DM) (2.6 1.7 g.kg-1 DM). , , , , 9% CP. (PER) , (1,51 1,41, ). (PER) , (1.51 1.41). . (84,9 84,5%), 63,5 63,2% . , (RR) .
PMID: 12391907
: Nutritional evaluation of genetically modified maize corn performed on rats.
: - |
- EU policy |
- . , , . . , . , . , , , . - pdf ( 12).
, , , . , , . - . , . : . .
, , . . , . , - , .
. MON108, , , . , , . , , . . , Joint Research Centre - .
"" . , , , , -. , .
, , , - , 33 , - ( ), (9 ), (4 ), (12 ) , . 2015 120 . , , - .
5 :
, , , , 120 .
2015 , , . , . , , . : , , . , , . , , 100 .
, , . . (20% ). 2% . :
, , , . , . 17%, - . . , 3.5 100 . , COPA-COGECA , ( ) " , - ".
the European seed industry (ESA). -, , . , , . , ESA , , . : , . .
IGTC . , (, , ), . IGTC , . , , (, !). , , - . IGTC, , .
, , . - .
: |
Multigeneration reproductive and developmental toxicity study of GM-potato |
|
( Bar- )
Department of Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul.
Each specific protein has an individual gene encoding it, and a foreign gene introduced to a plant can be used to synthesize a new protein. The identification of potential reproductive and developmental toxicity from novel proteins produced by genetically modified (GM) crops is a difficult task. A science-based risk assessment is needed in order to use GM crops as a conventional foodstuff. In this study, the specific characteristics of GM food and low-level chronic exposure were examined using a five-generation animal study. In each generation, rats were fed a solid pellet containing 5% GM potato and non-GM potato for 10 wk prior to mating in order to assess the potential reproductive and developmental toxic effects. In the multigeneration animal study, there were no GM potato-related changes in body weight, food consumption, reproductive performance, and organ weight. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using extracted genomic DNA to examine the possibility of gene persistence in the organ tissues after a long-term exposure to low levels of GM feed. In each generation, the gene responsible for bar was not found in any of the reproductive organs of the GM potato-treated male and female rats, and the litter-related indexes did not show any genetically modified organism (GMO)-related changes. The results suggest that genetically modified crops have no adverse effects on the multigeneration reproductive-developmental ability.
- . , 5% - , 10 . , , , -. -, -. Bar- - , , . : .
PMID: 16326439
: Multigeneration reproductive and developmental toxicity study of bar gene inserted into genetically modified potato on rats ( ).
: ber- |
A generational study of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans on mouse |
|
( , , )
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
The health safety of transgenic soybeans (glyphosate-tolerant or Roundup Ready) was studied using the mammalian testis (mouse model) as a sensitive biomonitor of potential toxic effects. Pregnant mice were fed a transgenic soybean or a non-transgenic (conventional) diet through gestation and lactation. After weaning, the young male mice were maintained on the respective diets. At 8, 16, 26, 32, 63 and 87 days after birth, three male mice and an adult reference mouse were killed, the testes surgically removed, and the cell populations measured by flow cytometry. Multi-generational studies were conducted in the same manner. The results showed that the transgenic foodstuffs had no effect on macromolecular synthesis or cell growth and differentiation as evidenced by no differences in the percentages of testicular cell populations (haploid, diploid, and tetraploid) between the transgenic soybean-fed mice and those fed the conventional diet. Additionally, there were no differences in litter sizes and body weights of the two groups. It was concluded that the transgenic soybean diet had no negative effect on fetal, postnatal, pubertal or adult testicular development.
Roundup Ready . . , (8, 16, 26, 32, 63 87 ) , , (, ) . , . , , 21% RR , , . . : , .
PMID: 14630127
: A generational study of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans on mouse fetal, postnatal, pubertal and adult testicular development.
: rr |
Comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing event DP-356O43-5... |
|
( - , DP-356Ø43-5 , - - , )
Solution BioSciences, 2028 Northwood Drive, Salisbury, MD 21801, USA. mcnaughton@ahpharma.com
Event DP-356Ø43-5 (356043; Optimum GAT) is a genetically modified soybean (Glycine max) that was produced by insertion of the gat4601 and gm-hra genes. The expression products of these genes are the glyphosate acetyltransferase 4601 and acetolactate synthase proteins, respectively. Expression of the glyphosate acetyltransferase 4601 protein confers tolerance in planta to the herbicidal active ingredient glyphosate, whereas expression of the acetolactate synthase protein confers tolerance to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional equivalence of 356043 soybeans to nontransgenic soybeans in a 42-d feeding trial in broiler chickens. Diets were prepared using processed fractions (meal, hulls, and oil) from untreated 356043 soybean plants or from soybean plants treated with a mixture of glyphosate, chlorimuron, and thifensulfuron (356043 + Gly/SU). For comparison, additional diets were produced with soybean fractions obtained from a nontransgenic near-isoline (control; 091) and nontransgenic commercial Pioneer varieties (93B86, 93B15, and 93M40). Diets were fed to Ross x Cobb broilers (n = 120/group, 50% male and 50% female) in 3 phases. Starter diets contained 30% soybean meal, grower diets 26% soybean meal, and finisher diets 21.5% soybean meal. Soybean hulls and oil were added at 1.0 and 0.5%, respectively, across all diets in each phase. No statistically significant differences were observed in mortality, growth performance variables, or carcass and organ yields between broilers consuming diets produced with 356043 or 356043 + Gly/SU soybean fractions and those consuming diets produced with near-isoline control soybean fractions. Additionally, all performance and carcass variables from control, 356043, and 356043 + Gly/SU soybean treatment groups fell within the tolerance intervals constructed using data from reference soybean groups. Based on the results from this study, it was concluded that 356043 soybean was nutritionally equivalent to nontransgenic control soybean with a comparable genetic background.
DP-356Ø43-5 (356043; Optimum GAT) - (Glycine Max), gat4601 GM-HRA. - 4601 . 4601 , - . , 356043 - 42- -. (, ) 356043 , (356043 + Gly / SU). , - - (; 091) Pioneer (93B86, 93B15, 93M40). (N = 120/, 50% 50% ) 3 . 30% , - 26% - 21,5% . 1,0 0,5% . , . : 356043 -.
PMID: 18029803
: Comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing event DP-356Ø43-5 (Optimum GAT), nontransgenic near-isoline control, or commercial reference soybean meal, hulls, and oil.
: soybean 356043 |
A 90-day safety study of genetically modified rice expressing Cry1Ab protein... |
|
(90- Cry1Ad (Bt ) Wistar)
Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark.
An animal model for safety assessment of genetically modified foods was tested as part of the SAFOTEST project. In a 90-day feeding study on Wistar rats, the transgenic KMD1 rice expressing Cry1Ab protein was compared to its non-transgenic parental wild type, Xiushui 11. The KMD1 rice contained 15mg Bt toxin/kg and based on the average feed consumption the daily intake was 0.54mg Bt toxin/kg body weight. No adverse effects on animal behaviour or weight gain were observed during the study. Blood samples collected one week prior to sacrifice were analyzed and compared for standard haematological and biochemical parameters. A few parameters were significantly different, but all within the normal reference intervals for rats of this breed and age and not in relation to any other findings, thus not considered treatment related. Upon sacrifice a large number of organs were weighed, macroscopic and histopathological examinations were performed with only minor changes to report. The aim of the study was to use a known animal model in performance of safety assessment of a GM crop, in this case KMD1 rice. The results show no adverse or toxic effects of KMD1 rice when tested in the design used in this 90-day study. Nevertheless the experiences from this study lead to the overall conclusion that safety assessment for unintended effects of a GM crop cannot be done without additional test group(s).
90- Wistar KMD1, Cry1Ab, - Xiushui 11. Bt - 15 /. , 0,54 . Bt / . . . , . - , . : KMD1 90- .
PMID: 17050059
: A 90-day safety study of genetically modified rice expressing Cry1Ab protein (Bacillus thuringiensis toxin) in Wistar rats
: cry1ab |
A 52 and 104-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats |
|
( 52- F344 )
Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health: 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan.
A chronic feeding study to evaluate the safety of the genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) was conducted using rats. F344 DuCrj rats were fed diet containing GM soybeans or Non-GM soybeans at the concentration of 30% in basal diet. Non-GM soybeans were closely related strain of GM soybeans. These two diets were adjusted to an identical nutrient level. In this study, the influence of GM soybeans on rats was compared with that of the Non-GM soybeans, and furthermore, to assess the effect of soybeans themselves, the groups of rats fed GM and Non-GM soybeans were compared with a group fed commercial diet (CE-2). General conditions were observed daily and body weight and food consumption were recorded. At the intermediate examination (26 weeks), and at the termination (52 weeks), animals were subjected to hematology, serum biochemistry, and pathological examination. There were several differences in animal growth, food intake, serum biochemical parameters and histological findings between the rats fed the GM and/or Non-GM soybeans and the rats fed CE-2. However, body weight and food intake were similar for the rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. Gross necropsy findings, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, organ weights, and pathological findings showed no meaningful difference between rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. These results indicate that long-term intake of GM soybeans at the level of 30% in diet has no apparent adverse effect in rats.
F344 DuCrj 52 , 30% , . 30% - . - , . . 26 52 , . , - . , . : , , 30% .
PMID: 17657996
: A 52-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats.
( 104- F344 )
Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health. Tokyo, Japan.
A chronic feeding study to evaluate the safety of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) was conducted using F344 DuCrj rats. The rats were fed diet containing GM soybeans or Non-GM soybeans at the concentration of 30% in basal diet. Non-GM soybeans were a closely related strain to the GM soybeans. These two diets were adjusted to an identical nutrient level. In this study, the influence of GM soybeans in rats was compared with that of the Non-GM soybeans, and furthermore, to assess the effect of soybeans themselves, the groups of rats fed GM and Non-GM soybeans were compared with a group fed commercial diet (CE-2). General conditions were observed daily and body weight and food consumption were recorded. At the termination (104 weeks), animals were subjected to hematology, serum biochemistry, and pathological examinations. There were several differences in animal growth, food intake, organ weights and histological findings between the rats fed the GM and/or Non-GM soybeans and the rats fed CE-2. However, body weight and food intake were similar for the rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. Gross necropsy findings, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, and organ weights showed no meaningful difference between rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. In pathological observation, there was neither an increase in incidence nor any specific type of nonneoplastic or neoplastic lesions in the GM soybeans group in each sex. These results indicate that long-term intake of GM soybeans at the level of 30% in diet has no apparent adverse effect in rats.
.
PMID: 18787312
: A 104-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats
(.pdf):
: rats soybeans f344 ducrj |
|
|
: / . , , . .
: . .
: , .
: ( ). , .
: , , , , , . , , .
: , . .
:
: .
: , "" .
: . () , .
: , . 20 .
: 2 : . . .
( ): , . , .
, , .
.
r-: in vitro ,
: . .
: ,
: , . , .
: , . .
: , ( )
: ,
( ): ,
: , . ( , )
Agrobacterium tumefaciens: ,
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt): , , "" 30 . , (Bt ), . Bt , .
: |
: | [1] |