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   GMO_and_SAFETY

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 LiveInternet.ru:
: 13.10.2009
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A three generation study with GM Bt corn in rats

, 09 2009 . 00:33 +

A three generation study with genetically modified Bt corn in rats: Biochemical and histopathological investigation

( : )

Kiliç A, Akay MT.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkiye. aykilic@hacettepe.edu.tr

For the last ten years, in accordance with the increased use of genetically modified (GM) foods for human and livestock, a large number of feeding studies have been carried out. However, the evidence is still far from proving whether the long-term consumption of GM foods poses a possible danger for human or animal health. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of transgenic corn on the rats that were fed through three generations with either GM corn or its conventional counterpart. Tissue samples of stomach, duodenum, liver and kidney were obtained for histopathological examinations. The average diameter of glomeruli, thickness of renal cortex and glomerular volume were calculated and number of affected animals/number of examined animals for liver and kidney histopathology were determined. Amounts of urea, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin and globulin were determined; enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase and amylase were measured in serum samples. No statistically significant differences were found in relative organ weights of rats within groups but there were some minimal histopathological changes in liver and kidney. Changes in creatinine, total protein and globulin levels were also determined in biochemical analysis.

, - . , , . , , , , , , , ; , , , , . : ( ).

PMID: 18191319
: A three generation study with genetically modified Bt corn in rats: Biochemical and histopathological investigation.




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Effect of subchronic feeding of GM corn on immune system in BN rats and B10A mice

, 24 2009 . 22:56 +

Effect of subchronic feeding of genetically modified corn (CBH351) on immune system in BN rats and B10A mice

( (CBH351) BN B10A-)


National Institute of Health Sciences: 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.

Subchronic animal feeding studies to examine the effect on the immune system of genetically modified corn CBH351, which contains the Cry9C protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tolworthi, were conducted in female BN rats and B10A mice. The studies were designed to compare the effect of a line of genetically modified corn CBH351 (GM corn) with that of isoline corn (non-GM corn). Heat-treated corn meal was incorporated into the diets of the rats and mice at a concentration of 50%. The study duration was 13 weeks. Growth, food intake, and organ weights of the thymus, spleen, and liver were compared between animals fed the non-GM and GM lines. The histological findings in thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, small intestines, liver, kidney, and bone marrow, and the presence of Cry9C-specific IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgA antibodies in serum were also compared. The results showed no significant differences in growth, feeding value, or the histological findings in immunity-related organs between the animals fed the GM and non-GM lines. Production of Cry9 C-specific IgE and IgA was not detected in the serum of either group. Production of Cry9C-specific IgG and IgG1 was slightly increased in the 50% GM groups of BN rats. No Cry9C-specific IgG or IgG1 was detected in the serum of BN rats fed the diet containing 5% GM-corn In conclusion, no immunotoxic activity was detected in the GM-corn-fed rats and mice in this subchronic dietary study.

CBH351, Cry9C, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tolworthi, , BN B10A-. CBH351 ( ) (-) . 50%. 13 . , , , - . , , , , , , , Cry9C IgE,IgG, IgA IgG1 . , , - . Cry9C IgA IgE . IgG IgG1 50% BN- : Bt- .

PMID: 12607925
: Effect of subchronic feeding of genetically modified corn (CBH351) on immune system in BN rats and B10A mice.


 


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Effect of GM and non-GM soybeans on the immune system of BN rats and B10A mice

, 24 2009 . 20:14 +

Effect of GM and non-GM soybeans on the immune system of BN rats and B10A mice

( - BN B10A)

Teshima R, Akiyama H, Okunuki H, Sakushima J, Onodera H, Goda Y, Onodera H, Sawada JI, Toyoda M

Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. rteshima@nihs.go.jp

Subchronic animal feeding studies to examine the effect of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans, which contain the bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, on the immune system were conducted with BN rats and B10A mice. The studies were designed to compare the feeding value of a line of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) to that of closely-related and one-parent same cultivar (non-GM soybeans). Heat-treated soybean meal was incorporated into the diets of the rats and mice at a concentration of 30%. The study duration was 15 weeks. Growth, food intake and weights of the liver and the spleen were compared between animals fed the non-GM and GM lines. The histopathology of the thymus, liver, spleen, mesenteric lymph node, Peyer's patches, and small intestine, and the production of soybean-specific IgE and IgG antibodies in the sera were also compared. Growth, feeding value, and the histopathology of immune-related organs showed no significant differences between animals fed GM and non-GM lines. The production of soybean-specific IgE was not detected in the sera of either group, and the increase in soybean-specific IgG was identical in the GM and non-GM groups. No immunotoxic activity was found in GM-soybeanfed rats or mice.

- , 4 EPSPS (5--3- Agrobacterium sp.), , BN B10A-. - ( ) (-) . 30%. 15 . , , , - . , , , , , IgE IgG . , , - . IgE , IgG - . : - .

Abstract: Effect of GM and non-GM soybeans on the immune system of BN rats and B10A mice.


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The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats... and dairy cattle is not altered by GT

, 21 2009 . 22:40 +

The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chickens, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance

( , , )

 

Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA.

Animal feeding studies were conducted with rats, broiler chickens, catfish and dairy cows as part of a safety assessment program for a soybean variety genetically modified to tolerate in-season application of glyphosate. These studies were designed to compare the feeding value (wholesomeness) of two lines of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GTS) to the feeding value of the parental cultivar from which they were derived. Processed GTS meal was incorporated into the diets at the same concentrations as used commercially; diary cows were fed 10 g/100 g cracked soybeans in the diet, a level that is on the high end of what is normally fed commercially. In a separate study, laboratory rats were fed 5 and 10 g unprocessed soybean meal 100 g diet. The study durations were 4 wk (rats and dairy cows), 6 wk (broilers) and 10 wk (catfish). Growth, feed conversion (rats, catfish, broilers), fillet composition (catfish), and breast muscle and fat pad weights (broilers) were compared for animals fed the parental and GTS lines. Milk production, milk composition, rumen fermentation and nitrogen digestibility were also compared for dairy cows. In all studies, measured variables were similar for animals fed both GTS lines and the parental line, indicating that the feeding value of the two GTS lines is comparable to that of the parental line. These studies support detailed compositional analysis of the GTS seeds, which showed no meaningful differences between the parental and GTS lines in the concentrations of important nutrients and antinutrients. They also confirmed the results of other studies that demonstrated the safety of the introduced protein, a bacterial 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4.

, -, -. , - (GTS). 4 ( ), 6 () 10 (). , (), , (), , ( ) , (-) . : ( ) GTS .

PMID: 8598557
: The feeding value of soybeans fed to rats, chickens, catfish and dairy cattle is not altered by genetic incorporation of glyphosate tolerance.


 




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Nutritional evaluation of genetically modified maize corn performed on rats

, 21 2009 . 14:48 +

Nutritional evaluation of genetically modified maize corn performed on rats

( )


Institute of Animal Nutrition, Research Institute of Animal Production, Hlohovská 2, 949 92 Nitra, Slovak Republic. chrenko@vuzv.sk

The aim of this study was to determine the composition and nutritional value of conventional and transgenic, so-called Roundup Ready (RR) maize with an introduced gene of glyphosate resistance. Crude protein, crude fibre, ash, fat, starch, sugar, amino acids, fatty acid and macroelement levels were determined by chemical analysis. In both maize lines a low level of Ca (0.15 g.kg-1 DM) and of the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan (2.6 and 1.7 g.kg-1 DM, respectively) were observed. In the biological experiment carried out on rats the tested maize lines were the only dietary sources of nitrogen, thus, the experimental diets contained 9% CP in dietary dry matter. In the feeding experiment no significant differences in the protein efficiency ratio (PER) were observed between groups receiving conventional or transgenic maize (1.51 and 1.41, respectively). Also almost equal results were obtained in the balance experiments. Both maize lines revealed a high nitrogen digestibility (84.9 and 84.5%, respectively) and the net protein utilization amounted to 63.5 and 63.2%, respectively. From these results can be concluded that regarding nutrient composition and utilisation, genetically modified (RR) maize is equivalent to isogenic maize.

Roundup Ready (RR) , . , , , , , , . Ca (0.15 g.kg-1 DM) (2.6 1.7 g.kg-1 DM). , , , , 9% CP. (PER) , (1,51 1,41, ). (PER) , (1.51 1.41). . (84,9 84,5%), 63,5 63,2% . , (RR) .

PMID: 12391907
: Nutritional evaluation of genetically modified maize corn performed on rats.




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Multigeneration reproductive and developmental toxicity study of GM-potato

, 17 2009 . 02:23 +

Multigeneration reproductive and developmental toxicity study of bar gene inserted into genetically modified potato on rats

( Bar- )


Department of Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul.

Each specific protein has an individual gene encoding it, and a foreign gene introduced to a plant can be used to synthesize a new protein. The identification of potential reproductive and developmental toxicity from novel proteins produced by genetically modified (GM) crops is a difficult task. A science-based risk assessment is needed in order to use GM crops as a conventional foodstuff. In this study, the specific characteristics of GM food and low-level chronic exposure were examined using a five-generation animal study. In each generation, rats were fed a solid pellet containing 5% GM potato and non-GM potato for 10 wk prior to mating in order to assess the potential reproductive and developmental toxic effects. In the multigeneration animal study, there were no GM potato-related changes in body weight, food consumption, reproductive performance, and organ weight. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using extracted genomic DNA to examine the possibility of gene persistence in the organ tissues after a long-term exposure to low levels of GM feed. In each generation, the gene responsible for bar was not found in any of the reproductive organs of the GM potato-treated male and female rats, and the litter-related indexes did not show any genetically modified organism (GMO)-related changes. The results suggest that genetically modified crops have no adverse effects on the multigeneration reproductive-developmental ability.

- . , 5% - , 10 . , , , -. -, -. Bar- - , , . : .

PMID: 16326439
: Multigeneration reproductive and developmental toxicity study of bar gene inserted into genetically modified potato on rats ( ).


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A generational study of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans on mouse

, 15 2009 . 18:11 +

A generational study of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans on mouse fetal, postnatal, pubertal and adult testicular development

( , , )


Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.

The health safety of transgenic soybeans (glyphosate-tolerant or Roundup Ready) was studied using the mammalian testis (mouse model) as a sensitive biomonitor of potential toxic effects. Pregnant mice were fed a transgenic soybean or a non-transgenic (conventional) diet through gestation and lactation. After weaning, the young male mice were maintained on the respective diets. At 8, 16, 26, 32, 63 and 87 days after birth, three male mice and an adult reference mouse were killed, the testes surgically removed, and the cell populations measured by flow cytometry. Multi-generational studies were conducted in the same manner. The results showed that the transgenic foodstuffs had no effect on macromolecular synthesis or cell growth and differentiation as evidenced by no differences in the percentages of testicular cell populations (haploid, diploid, and tetraploid) between the transgenic soybean-fed mice and those fed the conventional diet. Additionally, there were no differences in litter sizes and body weights of the two groups. It was concluded that the transgenic soybean diet had no negative effect on fetal, postnatal, pubertal or adult testicular development.

Roundup Ready . . , (8, 16, 26, 32, 63 87 ) , , (, ) . , . , , 21% RR , , . .  : , .

PMID: 14630127
: A generational study of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans on mouse fetal, postnatal, pubertal and adult testicular development.


 


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A 90-day safety study of genetically modified rice expressing Cry1Ab protein...

, 14 2009 . 12:46 +

A 90-day safety study of genetically modified rice expressing Cry1Ab protein (Bacillus thuringiensis toxin) in Wistar rats

(90- Cry1Ad (Bt ) Wistar)

 

Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark.

An animal model for safety assessment of genetically modified foods was tested as part of the SAFOTEST project. In a 90-day feeding study on Wistar rats, the transgenic KMD1 rice expressing Cry1Ab protein was compared to its non-transgenic parental wild type, Xiushui 11. The KMD1 rice contained 15mg Bt toxin/kg and based on the average feed consumption the daily intake was 0.54mg Bt toxin/kg body weight. No adverse effects on animal behaviour or weight gain were observed during the study. Blood samples collected one week prior to sacrifice were analyzed and compared for standard haematological and biochemical parameters. A few parameters were significantly different, but all within the normal reference intervals for rats of this breed and age and not in relation to any other findings, thus not considered treatment related. Upon sacrifice a large number of organs were weighed, macroscopic and histopathological examinations were performed with only minor changes to report. The aim of the study was to use a known animal model in performance of safety assessment of a GM crop, in this case KMD1 rice. The results show no adverse or toxic effects of KMD1 rice when tested in the design used in this 90-day study. Nevertheless the experiences from this study lead to the overall conclusion that safety assessment for unintended effects of a GM crop cannot be done without additional test group(s).

90- Wistar KMD1, Cry1Ab, - Xiushui 11. Bt - 15 /. , 0,54 . Bt / . . . , . - , . : KMD1 90- .

PMID: 17050059
: A 90-day safety study of genetically modified rice expressing Cry1Ab protein (Bacillus thuringiensis toxin) in Wistar rats


 


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A 52 and 104-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats

, 13 2009 . 02:53 +

A 52-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats

( 52- F344 )

 

Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health: 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan.

A chronic feeding study to evaluate the safety of the genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) was conducted using rats. F344 DuCrj rats were fed diet containing GM soybeans or Non-GM soybeans at the concentration of 30% in basal diet. Non-GM soybeans were closely related strain of GM soybeans. These two diets were adjusted to an identical nutrient level. In this study, the influence of GM soybeans on rats was compared with that of the Non-GM soybeans, and furthermore, to assess the effect of soybeans themselves, the groups of rats fed GM and Non-GM soybeans were compared with a group fed commercial diet (CE-2). General conditions were observed daily and body weight and food consumption were recorded. At the intermediate examination (26 weeks), and at the termination (52 weeks), animals were subjected to hematology, serum biochemistry, and pathological examination. There were several differences in animal growth, food intake, serum biochemical parameters and histological findings between the rats fed the GM and/or Non-GM soybeans and the rats fed CE-2. However, body weight and food intake were similar for the rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. Gross necropsy findings, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, organ weights, and pathological findings showed no meaningful difference between rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. These results indicate that long-term intake of GM soybeans at the level of 30% in diet has no apparent adverse effect in rats.

F344 DuCrj 52 , 30% , . 30% - . - , . . 26 52 , . , - . , . : , , 30% .

PMID: 17657996
: A 52-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats.

 

 

A 104-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats

( 104- F344 )

 

Department of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health. Tokyo, Japan.

A chronic feeding study to evaluate the safety of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (GM soybeans) was conducted using F344 DuCrj rats. The rats were fed diet containing GM soybeans or Non-GM soybeans at the concentration of 30% in basal diet. Non-GM soybeans were a closely related strain to the GM soybeans. These two diets were adjusted to an identical nutrient level. In this study, the influence of GM soybeans in rats was compared with that of the Non-GM soybeans, and furthermore, to assess the effect of soybeans themselves, the groups of rats fed GM and Non-GM soybeans were compared with a group fed commercial diet (CE-2). General conditions were observed daily and body weight and food consumption were recorded. At the termination (104 weeks), animals were subjected to hematology, serum biochemistry, and pathological examinations. There were several differences in animal growth, food intake, organ weights and histological findings between the rats fed the GM and/or Non-GM soybeans and the rats fed CE-2. However, body weight and food intake were similar for the rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. Gross necropsy findings, hematological and serum biochemical parameters, and organ weights showed no meaningful difference between rats fed the GM and Non-GM soybeans. In pathological observation, there was neither an increase in incidence nor any specific type of nonneoplastic or neoplastic lesions in the GM soybeans group in each sex. These results indicate that long-term intake of GM soybeans at the level of 30% in diet has no apparent adverse effect in rats.

.

PMID: 18787312
: A 104-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats


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