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(0)

Windows NT NetWare

, 24 2009 . 18:02 +
, . (NCP, SMB, NFS, FTP, telnet) - . , , , "-".
, , - (redirector), (requester). , , - . , , (API) .
Windows NT 3.51 Novell, IPX/SPX NCP. Windows NT 3.1 Microsoft Novell , , NCP, Novell Microsoft 60 Windows NT 3.1. Novell : API NetWare, , 32- , 16 NetWare.
Microsoft NetWare, NCP. , : NetWare NetWare Directory Services. , NetWare , Windows NT NetWare.
, NetWare, Windows NT :
,
NetWare,
NetWare,
.
(NetWare Windows NT) . , IPX ( Microsoft NWLink), . , MS-DOS, .
NetWare Windows NT Server , Migration Tool, Windows NT Server. ( , ) NetWare Windows NT. Migration Tool NetWare Windows NT. , , . NetWare , Windows NT .
Beame and Whiteside Software NFS Windows NT, BW-Multiconnect, Windows NT NetWare. Windows NT BW-Multiconnect SAP ( - Service Advertising Protocol, NetWare , ). BW-Multiconnect NetWare Windows NT. NCP- , , Windows DOS, NetWare. "" NetWare, , , Windows NT. NetWare Windows NT Server, Windows NT Workstation.
Microsoft - - NetWare Windows NT. , NetWare Windows NT, NDS.
. . , NetWare, , Windows NT. SMB-, - Windows NT-, NCP-, NetWare. , .
, NetWare API, NetWare API .
NetWare- , Windows NT Server NetWare , . , , File Manager Print manager, . , , NetWare, NetWare.
NetWare . 10% 15%.
, NetWare, NTGateway Windows NT. NetWare Windows NT ,


(0)

Novell

, 24 2009 . 17:42 +
NetWare

Novell - , , , 65% 75% . Novell NetWare. .
Novell , - . Novell , , Intel x386 . Novell NetWare - - , API, , .
Novell : Novell DOS 7 Personal Ware, UnixWare, UNIX System V Release 4.2 NetWare. ( UnixWare Santa Cruz Operations.) Novell NetWare.
NetWare Novell Novell S-Net, Motorola MC68000. IBM PC XT, Novell , NetWare Intel 8088, .
NetWare Novell 1983 .
1985 Advanced NetWare v1.0, .
1.2 Advanced NetWare, 1985 , Intel 80286, .
2.0 Advanced NetWare, 1986 , . 80286, Advanced NetWare , , 640 . 2.0 , Ethernet, ArcNet Token Ring.
1987 Novell SFT NetWare, . , , , . , .
NetWare v2.15 1988 , NetWare Macintosh. Macintosh NetWare, . Macintosh NetWare, .
1989 Novell 32- 80386, NetWare 386 v3.0. , , , . .
1990 NetWare 386 v.3.1, , , .
1991 Novell 80286 (SFT, Advanced ELS NetWare) NetWare v2.2, 2.1x.
NetWare v3.11, NetWare 386. NetWare v3.11 , DOS, Windows, OS/2, UNIX Macintosh.
1993 NetWare SFT III v3.11. NetWare System Fault Tolerance Level III (SFT III) v3.11 - , , . , NetWare v3.11, SFT III "" . , , , .
1993 Novell NetWare v4.0, . " " -, . NetWare Directory Services (NDS), , .
1993 Novell NetWare v3.12, Novell - NetWare v3.11. NetWare 3.12 NetWare 3.11 : Global MHS, Macintosh DOS Windows VLM, .
NetWare NetWare v4.1.

NetWare 4.1

, 4.1 - , 4.0, NDS , 4.0 ( 1994 31% NetWare 4.0). , 4.1, .
-, Novell .
-, 4.1 . NetWare 4.0, , ( 250), , .
NetWare 4.1 IPX Mac NetWare IP, NDS MHS DS-Standard Preffered Systems, NetWare .
-, Novell .
DS-Standard
NetWare 3. NetWare 4.1 Novell DS-Standard. , NDS- . , , DS-Standard NDS. DS : , . 3. 4.., , , , , , , , . , 3. - ( Novell ).
DS-Standard , NDS. , , . NetWare Admin.
, DS-Standard , "" NDS.
NetWare 4.1 , . NDS. .
NetWare 4.1 bindery. , 4.1 - 16 .
NetSync, 4.1 12- NetWare 3.. NetSync NetWare 3. bindery bindery NetWare 4.1, NetWare 3. NetAdmin NWAdmin 4.1. , NetWare 4.1, NetWare 3.. , , 3. , 4.1.
NDS
NetWare 4.1 , , , NDS. , .
DSMerge. NDS , . , NDS.

MHS 4.1 NDS . , -, NLM MHS ( 2 200 ) , -, - NDS.
MHS , , NDS .

Novell Macintosh, 5- , NetWare 3. 4.02, "-
" NetWare for Macintosh. Macintosh NetWare NDS . NDS Mac , Novell OpenDoc Apple.
NetWare VLM- - 1.2, .

NetWare 4.1 Novell NetWare/IP. NetWare/IP TCP/IP - NetWare - NCP. , DOS, TCP/IP .
4.1 NLSP RIP. NLSP " " (Link State Algorithms), , , - , RIP. " " OSPF, Internet.
NLSP Novell . IPX , NDS - SAP.


(1)

, 20 2009 . 17:59 +
: , , . ( , , ..), , . , , . Web-, , . .


, , .. , , , , , . .

-, . , , . , . , , hack, crack phreak , .

-, . . , , . , , IP- , .


, , . , , , . , TPC/IP. . , . - (IP) . IP . , (Request for Comments, RFC), IP. , IP , , , , . , IP, .



, , promiscuous mode ( , , ). , . . . , (Telnet, FTP, SMTP, POP3 ..), , (, ).

, . . -, , . ( ). , , , , . , .

:

. . , . (One-Time Passwords, OTP). , , , , . , , -, , -, -. - . (token) , ( ) . , , . , . , (, ), .

. . , , Ethernet, , , . , .

. , , . , , , . , . , LOpht Heavy Industries, AntiSniff.

. , . , , ( ). Cisco IPSec, IP. SSH (Secure Shell) SSL (Secure Socket Layer).

IP-

IP- , , , . : IP-, IP-, , . IP- . DoS, , .

, IP- , . , IP-. , , , .

IP-, , .

( ) .

. IP- . IP-, , , . , IP-, ; , .

RFC 2827. ( ). , IP- . , RFC 2827, (ISP). , , . , ISP IP- 15.1.1.0/24, , ISP , 15.1.1.0/24. , , , . , , . , RFC 2827 (10.0.0.0/8), ( ) ( 10.1.5.0/24).

IP- , : . IP- , IP-. . . , .



Denial of Service (DoS), , . , . DoS , , DoS . DoS , . DoS, , :
TCP SYN Flood;
Ping of Death;
Tribe Flood Network (TFN) Tribe Flood Network 2000 (TFN2K);
Trinco;
Stacheldracht;
Trinity.

(Computer Emergency Response Team, CERT), DoS. www.cert.org/tech_tips/denial_of_service.html. DoS . , - , DoS , . ( Web- FTP-) DoS , , , , . DoS -, TCP ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol).

DoS , . , . , . , , , . , DoS (distributed DoS, DDoS).

DoS :

. DoS. RFC 2827. , .

-DoS. -DoS . .

(traffic rate limiting). (ISP) . , . ICMP, . (D)DoS ICMP.



, (brute force attack), , IP- . IP- , , . (brute force attack).

, (, ). , , . , , , .

, ( ) : , . , , , , .

, . / . , , .

, . . , (#, %, $ ..). , . , . , , , , . , . . L0phtCrack, Windows NT. , , . http://www.l0phtcrack.com/.

Man-in-the-Middle

Man-in-the-Middle , . , , , , . , . , , , DoS, .

Man-in-the-Middle . , , . , (, ), Man-in-the-Middle .



. (sendmail, HTTP, FTP). , , ( , ). , (). , , .

, , . , , Web-, 80. web- Web-, . 80.

. . . , , :

- - / ;

: Bugtrad (http://www.securityfocus.com) CERT (http://www.cert.com);



. - , , . DNS, - . DNS , . - , DNS, , . , , , . , , . , .

. , , ICMP - , -, , . , - , IP-. IDS , (ISP), , .

();

, (IDS) IDS:

- IDS (NIDS) , . NIDS , , / ;

- - IDS (HIDS) . .

IDS , . , . IDS . IDS . IDS , .



, . , . . DNS, SMTP HTTP. , , . , , . , .

. , , . , , IP-, .



, , . , . (DMZ), , . , . , , . , , . , , netcat. http://www.avian.org.

(. ). , - IDS (HIDS).



, . elnet, elnet . elnet authorization required to use this resource ( ). , . , .

. . Telnet , Web- . , . , .



. , . , command.com ( Windows) , command.com.

, , , . , , . , , . , .

, , , . . . .


(0)

., .:

, 20 2009 . 17:50 +
, , , , , .



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