-

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  • (14)
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  • (9)
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  • (8)
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( : 1)

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: (5), (8), (2), (8), (1), (6), (53), (9), (1), (6), (88), (5), (42), (11), (5), (0)
(0)

Lotus Notes

, 05 2009 . 21:23 +
Lotus Notes , , Lotus Domino.
Domino , web-, Lotus Domino IBM. .
Lotus Notes 8 , . , , .

IBM Lotus Notes ( Lotus Notes, Lotus Notes/Domino) , (Groupware). IBM Lotus Software, IBM Software Group.



Lotus Notes . - , , . , , Lotus Notes ( , , MS SQL ). Lotus Notes . Lotus Notes/Domino - IBM.

: IBM Lotus Notes/Domino.
IBM 1996 :
Notes .
Domino .
4.5 Domino , Notes . 1996- 4.6 - Notes. Notes Domino.
5.0 Lotus Notes :
Notes Client
Domino Designer Lotus Notes ()
Domino Administrator Lotus Notes.

, Lotus Notes/Domino 7.0.2:

( )



,
(Instant messenger) Lotus Sametime ( Sametime )
Lotus Notes
LDAP

Domino Enterprise connection services (DECS)

.
Lotus Notes. IBM :
Lotus Domino Windows NT (32 64 ), GNU/Linux (Red Hat, SuSE), Solaris, i5/OS (OS/400), AIX, z/OS (OS/390)
Lotus Notes Windows NT (32 ), Mac OS X, GNU/Linux

(RAD) .
Domino Designer .
, . , , . .

Lotus Notes ( ) Lotus Notes, Domino, Domino, .
(, ). ( ) .
(PKI)
Lotus Notes. : () ( ) , .
/ , , , ( ) .
, , ( ), Lotus Domino, Lotus Notes.

 (699x140, 33Kb)



IBM Lotus Domino Designer . , Notes Client, ().

IBM Lotus Domino Administrator Lotus Domino, Lotus Domino.


SMTP
POP3
IMAP
MIME
DNSBL ( )
Instant messenger
Sametime

RSS
Usenet (NNTP)


-
-

( )
(partitioned servers) Lotus Domino
SMP

Eclipse
(HTTP HTTPS)

TCP/IP Lotus Notes TCP 1352
IPX/SPX
NetBIOS


Lotus Script
Java
JavaScript
( )
CORBA
COM
XML
ODBC
DDE
OLE
( )
X.509
SSL
S/MIME

Lotus Notes

( IBM-Lotus)
Lotus Enterprise Integrator
Lotus Domino Document Manager (Lotus Domino.Doc)
Lotus Domino Everyplace
Lotus Mobile Connect
Lotus Quickr
Lotus Sametime
Lotus Expeditor

IBM Lotus QuickPlace Quckr; - .
IBM Lotus Domino.Fax .




Lotus Domino [1]

SpamSentinel MayFlower software [2]


 (516x403, 47Kb)


(0)

, 25 2009 . 16:11 +
( , . hashing) . - , , - (. message digest).
(, , ..). - . - CRC.
- . , - - . -.

, , , .. .
, -, .
- . ( : 32 ) , ( : 128, 160 256 ), .
32- 16- , , , TCP/IP.
, , . .. (" ", CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check) . , , CRC-32, Ethernet ZIP.
: , N bit, N , "".
:
1 - XOR N , (Input ^= Poly)
N - ,
1
, , , XOR. , , "XOR-" .
8- 16- , . : crc(a cat b) == crc(Xor(b, crc(a))), cat , Xor(m, w) - m, N XOR N- w. , .
, , : crc(a xor b) == crc(a) xor crc(b). , , , , , .
, , /. , CRC , ( ).
CRC-32 0x04c11db7 ( ).
-
- , . - :
: , . -.
: , .
, - n 2n / 2 . n- - , 2n / 2.
( ) , , -.
- , . , . , .

- -x . - :



, , . - . :

, . , . , , .
, . , . , . , -.

, -. , , - -, , . - , .
GNU/Linux Microsoft Windows XP. - .

: -
, , -. - , , , , ( ).
. -, , .

Adler-32
CRC
SHA-1
SHA-2 (SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512)
HAVAL
MD2
MD4
MD5
N-Hash
RIPEMD-160
RIPEMD-256
RIPEMD-320
Skein
Snefru
Tiger (TTH)
Whirlpool
34.11-94 ( 34.311-95)
IP Internet Checksum (RFC 1071)


(0)

PGP (. Pretty Good Privacy)

, 25 2009 . 15:57 +
PGP (. Pretty Good Privacy) , () , , . 1991 .

PGP , (GnuPG, FileCrypt .) OpenPGP (RFC 4880), . PGP . , .

PGP : . ( ), , .
PGP RSA v4, RSA legacy (v3) Diffie-Hellman/DSS (Elgamal GnuPG).
RSA legacy 1024 2048 , Diffie-Hellman/DSS RSA 1024 4096. RSA legacy , Diffie-Hellman/DSS RSA . Diffie-Hellman/DSS 1024. . .
RSA legacy (v3) OpenPGP (RFC 2440).

( , ) () (). MD5, SHA-1, RIPEMD-160, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512. PGP MD5 . RSA DSA ( ).

(AES, CAST5, TripleDES, IDEA, Twofish) . . RSA Elgamal ( ).

, , PGP . ZIP, ZLIB, BZIP2. , .

PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)

www.computermaster.ru

PGP () , .

, .. () , - .

PGP : . , .

, , , . PGP , , . PGP , - - .

: . PGP , , . PGP . Amnesty International .

, , , . , , , , , ( ). , . . . . - , , , .

PGP

PGP, , . ( ) , , . . PGP , , .

, , .

. PGP , .



, . , - . . , 1024 . , , .

, , . : . , , , , , .

. , , .

: , - . (keyrings). PGP , , . . , , .



, , () . , . . .

-

PGP , PGP -, , - , , - . - , . PGP .

- , - . .



, , .

, , . , , , , . , .

, . , . .

PGP

1. . , .
2. . , PGP, , , , , ( ).
3. . , , , , .
4. . , . , . , , ( ) , . , , .
5. . . , PGP, , . PGP, ( ).
6. . - , . PGP, .
7. . - , wipe (). , .

PGP

, ( .exe) , :

PGP Installation program
Next

Software License agreement
Yes
User information
Name____________
Company _________
, Next

Setup: choose installation directory
Next

Select components:


* Program files
Eudora Plugin
* Microsoft Exchange/Outlook plugin
* Microsoft Outlook Express plugin
* User's manual Adobe
* PGP disk for Windows

, . Eudora, . Microsoft Exchange/Outlook , . Microsoft Outlook, , Windows-98.

Next

Check setup information
Next

.

"Yes I want to run PGP keys"
Finish
Restart Windows Windows.
O'K

.

:
public key -
private key -



( ) PGP - .
, Launch PGP keys.
KEYS NEW KEY next next 2048 next key pair never expires ( ) next.
next.

. , . .

, .
next.
next.
done.

.

. LAUNCH PGP KEYS, ( ) , EXPORT.

, , < .asc>

, .

, , , IMPORT.

, .



, () , :

Outlook Express.

, , Outlook Express ( ), tools encrypt using PGP file send later.

PGP Recipient selection, ( , ) O'K.

outbox

, .



Outlook Express, PGP decrypt message. .

PGP, - , Outlook Express. , PGP Outlook Exress.

Outlook Express, edit - select all Windows copy.

PGP , encrypt clipboard.

PGP key selection dialog

( ) ( )) , , O'K clipboard.

, , , paste.

clipboard . .

: .. , Windows clipboard, PGP Windows decrypt and verify clipboard.

PGP, , , O'K .

, , , , .

( ).

- , , . , , PGP, , PGP, , 4 :

encrypt
sign
encrypt and sign
wipe

, , O'K, .

PGP: wipe (, ). , , ?

, <*.pgp> .

, :

- , ; - Windows; - , .

PGP : , , , , .. . , , .

PGP , , ( ).

PGP , PGP preferences, General Always encrypt to default key

PGP keys, , keys set as default key

:

, , key properties , change passphrase .

, , , - , .

, ( key properties) fingerprint " ", .

( ) , - .

.. - - . , , , . , , , .

, . 100% , .

PGP

PGP , . .

, , . . , , , , , . . , , , , , . . , .

PGPdisk , , . - .

, PGP , :

PGP PGPdisk
:
new PGP
mount unmount (), prefs

PGP

1. PGPdisk
2. New, PGP .
3. next
4. PGP , , .
5. Save , ( ).
6. , PGP .
7. , .
8. next
9. , . .
10. next
11. , 12. next. .
13. next, , PGP .
14. Finish.
15. .
16. Start
17. OK ( ). , .
18. Close . , ( ). , , .

PGP

, PGP , . , , . .

PGP . , PGP , , D. , D, E .. .
PGP

PGP , , , , .. , .

PGP

, PGP, .. , . PGP, .

, .

, , , - . PGPdisk ( ) :

auto unmount after __ minutes of inactivity ( __ ). .
auto unmount on computer sleep ( ) prevent sleep if any PGPdisks could not be unmounted ( , PGP ) :

1. , PGP . , .
2.
3. , .
4. . . .
5. . : 8 6. . .


1. , PGP .
2. . , , .
3. .




(0)

(collision , )

, 25 2009 . 15:26 +
:
() , .
- - .
, , .
, . ( , .. ).

(Collision). (Ethernet - IEEE 802.3, RadioEthernet - 802.11). . , ( / , , , "" ).
́ ́ (. Collision domain) Ethernet, , .
, , , Ethernet-, .

OSI , :
OSI (, ) , . , ;
OSI (, , ) .

, . . 10 Ethernet 51.2 , 100 - 5.12 . .
, . () .

1.
 (488x316, 22Kb)


(1)

Remote Access Server,

, 24 2009 . 19:40 +
Windows NT
Windows NT Remote Access Service (RAS). - . , , . , . ISDN .25.
, , .
* , (home-based worker). C, .
* (Mobile users). , , . , , . "" - . , . , , . .
* (telecommuters, - , ). , , (, ), . UNIX-. . - , , . .
* , . , ISDN .
RAS ( 256) Windows NT IPX TCP/IP . RAS Microsoft .
: , , , , . , , , .
(communication server). - , -, . , , , .
, , (access server).
Windows NT RAS . (remote node). ( ISDN) , . , Ethernet, Token Ring , .
, , WAN- ISDN-. , , , , . , - (28.8 /) , 3% Ethernet, , 30 , 15-20 . .
-, , - -, .
Mac OS, OS/2, Windows 95 Windows NT WorkStation . . , , .
-, . Dial-in - , , , . . . . Dial-out - , .
RAS
RAS Windows NT :
. , , , . , . , .
, , , . , . , , IPX Apple-Talk, . -, , .
, . - . , , , . , , - SLIP, CSLIP, PPP ARAP - .
RAS NetBEUI, TCP/IP, IPX. , Windows NetWare, NetBIOS. .
Internet. RAS , Windows NT Server Internet. , Windows NT Workstation Windows 95, Internet.
NetWare. RAS Windows NT PPP, , IPX, PPP . RAS Gateway Service, Windows NT, , ( ), NetWare.
. Windows NT Server 256 . Windows NT Workstation , .
( ) .
RAS , .
RAS
RAS Windows NT, . : , , , , ().
RAS Challenge Handshake Authentification Protocol (CHAP). , , . , . , . , .
CHAP , RAS DES MD5. , .
* DES RAS, RAS.
* RAS SPAP, , CHAP, .
* RAS , MD5, . RAS MD5 .
RAS , RC4 RSA Data Security. RAS . .
7.1 , RAS RAS, , .

. 7.1. RAS
RAS (call-back). , "" , . call-back :
* ;
* ;
* ;
* , .
, , .
. Windows NT.
RAS
RAS IP IPX, NetBEUI .
IP RAS - proxy ARP, , , . IP- :
* IP- ;
* , , ;
* , RAS DHCP .
RAS "-", Internet ( 7.2). , Microsoft RAS .

, RAS IP-, Registry - Windows NT - , . IP- IP- (, ), .
IPX RAS . IPX-, . , .
NetBEUI RAS , IP/IPX, . Microsoft IETF, .
RAS , .
RAS , Windows NT. PPTP. HELP- .
, Network Computing ( " ", 9/96), Microsoft RAS , .
Internet c RAS
Internet. Internet' . , , ( , ). , . , Mac OS, OS/2, Windows 95, Windows NT Workstation Unix' TCP/IP, Internet , Internet' .
Windows NT, RAS Internet Explorer Internet. Internet RAS.
* Internet IP .
* Internet . , , .
* Internet , Internet, , , , .. RAS , 256 , .
* Windows NT RAS - Internet .

RAS

, , .
, PDC - WSL, - WSP. PDC.
RAS - WSL PDC.
, PDC , WSL - .
PDC WSP , WSL "" , . - .
RAS , RAS, , RAS. RAS RAS .
RAS
1. .
* (Network Neighborhood)
* CIT_NT
* CITNT adminnt
* F: disk_d,
o
o " " (map network drive)
o F ("" )
2. RAS
* (Control panel) (Network)
* (Services) (Add)
* (RAS),
*
\\CITNT\NT40W\i386 ( Workstation)
\\CITNT\NT40S ( Server)

3. RAS
* " " - (dial-up nullmodem...)
*
* " " " "
* " " (Network)
* NetBEUI. OK
* " " ""
"" RAS
* (Close)
! - No .
* . , . 115200.
* . , COM2: . :
- 115200
- 8
-
- 1
- (hardware)
. .
* Workstation!
WSL, , . , , , . : " ", (RL2000 NE2000) . . .
4. Service Pack .
* . .
5. RAS WSL.
* " " (Dial-up Networking). , , .
* , :
o , ( )
o "" 115200
o " " " "
o
o NetBEUI
o .
o .
6. RAS.
* Control Panel Network.
* Services RAS, Properties, Remote Access Setup :
o Configure: Dial out and Recieve Ports. OK
o Network: , ( NetBEUI). - Entire Network

* Windows NT Server Remote Access Admin.
* RAS Start Remote Access Service.
* .
* WSL . , .
RAS :
* . .
* WSR, .
* WSR .
* Server Manager, User Manager for Domains Event Viewer . , , .
* Network Monitor RAS - RAS, Network Monitor RAS.


Routing and Remote Access ( ) - , . , . Routing and Remote Access .
, Routing and Remote Access:
* , IP, IPX Apple Talk;
* (unicast) Ip :
* Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
* Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 1 2, IP
* (multicast) IP- IGMP (Internet Group Membership Protocol), -;
* WAN-;
* VPN- Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP);
* VPN- Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP);
* IP IPX-;
* DHCP (DHCP Relay Agent) IP;
* , Ethernet, Token Ring, Fiber Distributed Data Interrface (FDDI), ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN), T-Carrier, Frame Relay, xDSL, , X.25 .
Routing and Remote Access NAT (Network Address Translation), . .
NAT IP- . . NAT IP - IP- . NAT , .
NAT Routing and Remote Access :
* IP-;
* IP DHCP;
* - DNS DNS.


(0)

IPsec

, 24 2009 . 19:24 +
IPsec ( IP Security) , IP, / IP-. IPsec .

IPsec IPv6 - , - IPv4. IPsec RFC 1825 1827, 1995 . 1998 (RFC 2401 2412), RFC 18251827. 2005 , .
IPsec RFC 4301, RFC 4302, RFC 4303. (Proposed Standard). RFC IPsec, , . .
(2007 ) IPsec RFC 2401-2412 .
.
IPsec ( 3 OSI). , SSL TLS, ( OSI 4 7). IPsec , IPsec TCP UDP. - TCP ( OSI 4) .
IPsec- : . IKE (Internet Key Exchange) , : ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload ) , AH (Authentication Header ) ( ).
. IPsec , IP-.
IPsec- , IP-, , , , IPsec NAT- . IETF ESP UDP, NAT-T (NAT traversal).
IPsec () () . , , . , , , , . , , . SA (Security Associations) , . SA.
: (SPD Security Policy Database) (SAD Security Association Database). SPD , SAD , . SPD , SAD SA, IPsec IKE SA .
RFC 4301 (PAD, Peer Authorization Database), , SA SA.
IPsec.
IPsec: .
( ) IP-. , IP ( ). . , , - (IP tunnel, GRE .).
IP- . , , IP-. , IP-. (, ) .
IPsec . SA , .


(0)

SSL

, 24 2009 . 19:16 +
SSL (. Secure Sockets Layer ) , . . SSL Netscape Communications. SSL 3.0 RFC, TLS.
. -.
SSL . (, TCP) ( ) (SSL POP3, IMAP, XMPP, SMTP HTTP). , , , .
-, SSL, URL (schema) http, , https, , SSL-. TCP- https 443.
SSL , SSL-.


(0)

RADIUS

, 24 2009 . 19:12 +
RADIUS (. Remote Authentication in Dial-In User Service) AAA (Authentication, Authorization Accounting), AAA Dial-Up (NAS, Network Access Server) ( , /).
Authentication , ( ) , , ( , . .) .
Authorization , .
Accounting , ( ) . ( , RADIUS) : / ( ), . , VSA (Vendor Specific Attributes).
3- RADIUS-, . RADIUS :
FreeRADIUS
OpenRADIUS
GNU RADIUS
ClearBox Enterprise RADIUS Server



RADIUS Livingston Enterprises ( /Carl Rigney) (Network Access Server) PortMaster internet, , 1997, RFC 2058 RFC 2059 ( RFC 2865 RFC 2866). (open-source) RADIUS-. , , LDAP, . , , . SNMP. - (proxy/forwarding) RADIUS, / - (internet roaming). RADIUS- ( ). RADIUS-, : , UDP , ; (Cluster) ( OpenVMS) (SMP) (DEC Alpha, HP Integrity) , .
( 2003- ) DIAMETER ( RFC 3588 RFC 3589), RADIUS, .




RFC 2865 Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)
RFC 2866 RADIUS Accounting

RFC 2548 Microsoft Vendor-specific RADIUS Attributes
RFC 2607 Proxy Chaining and Policy Implementation in Roaming
RFC 2618 RADIUS Authentication Client MIB
RFC 2619 RADIUS Authentication Server MIB
RFC 2620 RADIUS Accounting Client MIB
RFC 2621 RADIUS Accounting Server MIB
RFC 2809 Implementation of L2TP Compulsory Tunneling via RADIUS
RFC 2867 RADIUS Accounting Modifications for Tunnel Protocol Support
RFC 2868 RADIUS Attributes for Tunnel Protocol Support
RFC 2869 RADIUS Extensions
RFC 2882 Network Access Servers Requirements: Extended RADIUS Practices
RFC 3162 RADIUS and IPv6
RFC 3575 IANA Considerations for RADIUS
RFC 3576 Dynamic Authorization Extensions to RADIUS
RFC 4672 RADIUS Dynamic Authorization Client MIB
RFC 4673 RADIUS Dynamic Authorization Server MIB
RFC 3579 RADIUS Support for EAP
RFC 3580 IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines
RFC 4014 RADIUS Attributes Suboption for the DHCP Relay Agent Information Option


(1)

VPN - Virtual Private Network

, 24 2009 . 18:59 +
VPN (. Virtual Private Network ) , , . , , . VPN , , .
Microsoft Windows VPN PPTP, .
PPP - IP ( PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) Ethernet (PPPoE) ( ). VPN , .
VPN . VPN .

VPN

VPN : () , , , ( ). . VPN , , () . ( ) , . , ( ) , .

VPN

VPN :


. C , , . VPN : IPSec, OpenVPN PPTP.

, . . VPN : Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) L2TP (Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol). ( , , L2TP, , IPSec).

-
VPN - . , , .

, VPN.

VPN , , .

Intranet VPN
, .
Remote Access VPN
( ) , , , , , .
Extranet VPN
, (, ). , , , , .

TCP/IP, IPX AppleTalk. TCP/IP, VPN .

ISO/OSI.
 (683x600, 54Kb)

VPN

IPSec (IP security) IPv4.
PPTP (point-to-point tunneling protocol) , Microsoft.
L2TP (Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol) Microsoft Cisco.
L2TPv3 (Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol version 3).
VPN- -.



, , , , . , . .
, XX : , , . , , , . , , . , , .
, IT - . , , , . VPN IT :
Cisco L2F (Layer 2 Forwarding), L2TP (Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol), L2TPV3 (Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol version 3)
Microsoft PPTP (Point-To-Point Tunnelling Protocol)
Check Point Software Technologies VPN-1
Redcreek Communications Ravlin
Intel Landrover VPN Express
.
VPN - . , , . , , - , , , OpenVPN. VPN - , . VPN , , -, : extranet VPN, intranet VPN, remote access VPN VPN . , , , . , . , , (web, ftp, samba, ), , , . . VPN , , . , - . VPN (QoS), .


(1)

VPN

, 24 2009 . 18:18 +
 (225x193, 12Kb)
VPN. ? , , , , , . , , . , .
, VPN. , Virtual Prvate Network *. - ( ). ? . , , . . , * . , . ?
. , . ? , . . , ?
 (480x317, 21Kb)
- . . , . , . , , , . , ?
, VPN. (). , . . . , VPN-. , VPN-, . , .

VPN . . . , - , . . . . , , , . , , . VPN? . , , . , VPN. , * . , , , .
, , VPN
. -,
(
VPN- )
. , VPN
-, , , ,
.
,
.
, , , ,
VPN,
. ,
VPN-, .
,
, . ,
(
),
.
, VPN .
:
Socket Secure Layer* IPSec.
. ? IPSec
TCP/IP.
, .
IPSec
.
, .

.
VPN-.
.
.
,
.
. VPN- .
,
.
.
, VPN
.
, .
.
VPN.
.
- , , ? ,
VPN .
: DES, Triple DES AES
( ). , VPN
,
,
.
MD5 SHA1. ,
VPN .
: , ,
.
, VPN


.

.

050206connect (234x250, 18Kb)



 : [2] 1