.
, : , ..+
: , , , , .
- , , 0,7112. , , , , , .
. , , "" ( , , ) , (, ). "" - ( , ) "", " ", , . . , (" "; - , - , - ...), (" "; -- , -- ...), , . , , , .
, - "" (c 17- - " ", "", ""), , (1/2 ) (1/4 ).2
, , , () - ' '. , , " ", , .
- = 71 . .
() - .
( - ""; 17- - "" ) - ( ) = 17,78 cm.
- (22-23 .).
(" ", - ' ') - = 27-31
: [ ( 1 3/4 ). (4 ). ( 1)k
- ( - ''''). , , . , . 11 . XV . : " 7 50" ( 750 ). 1 1000 . 500 , - 213,36 X 500 = 1066,8 .
"" .
, , . 1649 " " 1 . , XVIII " " 500 (" ").
- , . 1000 (2,16 ) , , , - .
500- , . , , . XVIII . , XIX . "", 500 .
- . (, , ) . " " - . " " - : . : " " ( - , )
1017. () - . , : " 6576 (1068 .) 6 , ... 10000 4000 ". 151,4 . . "", .
, 10 , . : - 284,8 , - 258,4 , - 244,0 , - 230,4 , - 217,6 , - 197,4 , - 186,4 , - 176,0 , - 159,7 , - 150,8 , - 142,4 - 134,5 ( ), - , .
- - 1,76.
( "") - 2,48.
.
( - " "). , , 38 47 . 16- 19 .
- , 11 . 10.25-10.5 ( 46-47 ) , , - (XVII). . , , - . - , , "", 30 60 ( , )
= 1/6 ( )
1/16 , 1/4 . - 4,44. "" "". XVII . - .
( ): , 15 , , 2 15 , .. 209 .
, ,
:
1 - " *** , *** "
2 - " *** , *** "
18 - " *** , *** "
- " *** "
- " *** "
( "" 1835 . ):
1 = 500 = 50 = 10 = 1,0668
1 = 3 = 7 = 48 = 2,1336
= 2,48 .
= 1,76 .
1 = 4 () = 16 = 28 = 71,12
( )
1 = 44 ( 38 47 cm)
1 = 1/7 = 12 = 30,479
1 (, , , , , ) = 4 = 17,78 cm ( 19 - ..)
"", .. . (c 17- "" " ")
"" - ""
= 1/2 = 22-23 - ( ) .
" " = 27 - 31 .
1 = 4 ( - 1,1 ) = 1/4 = 1/16 = 4,445
- , ( ).
1 ~ 2 .
( XVIII ):
1 = 10 = 2,54
- '' ''. , .
1 = 10 = 1/10 = 2,54 (: "" - d=7.62 .)
- , 2,54 .
1 = 2,134
1 = 0,2540
1 (1/15 ) = 7 = 7,42
( "" - ())
1 (1 ) = 1,852
1 = 1,609
1 = 91,44
XVII . [ k - (1668 .) : "... , , , , (10,5 ) , , , ." "" , . , . , - , () . .
XVIII , , : , , . . (, - 20- , ). . 4, 8, 16, 32 64 .
100 .
, , .
1835 . :
= 7
= 28
( ), : , , ,