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Tunnel books or peep shows are a series of cut-paper panels placed one behind the other, creating the illusion of depth and perspective. Often, these are engineered like an accordion, with the two boards pulling apart and the illustrated panels lined up and viewed through a front peep-hole or viewer.
A recent purchase by the Cooper-Hewitt Design Museum Library is an 18th century tunnel book attributed to the engraver and print-seller Martin Engelbrecht (1684-1756) of Augsburg, Germany.
The set includes six hand-colored etched prints on light gray laid paper, with sections carefully cut out to create a perspective view of aristocratic men and women dancing together in a formal garden. However, there was no box or accordion support to hold the prints, just six loose cards.
Engelbrecht, "Garden of Eden" c. 1730Engelbrecht's miniature theaters or dioramas evolved from his large-scale Zograscope images and are regarded as the earliest "paper" theaters in history. They were the forerunners of the peepshow books popularized by Dean & Son of London during the mid-nineteenth century, and have been cited by photographers and cinematographers for their early optical effects and appreciated as an aid to creating dramatic perspective on film.
Engelbrecht, "Oktoberfest" c. 1730
"A celebrated engraver of his time, Engelbrecht dominated the print trade in Augsburg. Best known for his portraits of monarchs as well as his intricate landscapes, Engelbrecht's work is beyond compare. Some of his best work was with optical prints. He used these in his perspective boxes and miniature theatres. Typically 8 cards would be inserted into a peepbox, consecutively, which provided imagery similar to that of a theatre scene, or play. The view had great perspective. (The History of the Discovery of Cinematography).
"In the 18th century dioramas became very popular as a means of entertainment. Around 1730, the Augsburg copperplate engraver and publisher Martin Engelbrecht created miniature theater[s]. [They] consist of 5-8 scenery-like sheets, which create a perspective image if arranged one behind the other. Along with religious themes, these scenes show courtly life, the seasons...These small-size dioramas are regarded as the precursors of the paper theaters that became popular in the 19th century."
Engelbrecht, “Vorstellung eines zerstörten Schlosses mit Geister” c. 1730
"The first true movable books published in any large quantity were those produced by Dean & Son, a publishing firm founded in London before 1800. By the 1860's the company claimed to be the 'originator of childrens' movable books in which characters can be made to move and act in accordance with the incidents described in each story.' From the mid-19th century Dean turned its attention to the production of movable books and between the 1860's and 1900 they produced about fifty titles. To construct movable books, Dean established a special department of skilled craftsmen who prepared the hand-made mechanicals. The designers used the peep-show principle of cut-out scenes aligned one behind the other to give a three-dimensional effect. Each layer was fixed to the next by a piece of ribbon that emerged behind the uppermost portion, and when this was pulled, the whole scene sprang up into perspective." (Montanaro, Ann. A Concise History of Pop-Up and Moveable Books).
http://www.booktryst.com/2009/07/miniature-theatures-of-martin.html
, : http://pinterest.com/robincood/paperwork/ ,
: http://allegrobookcollection.typepad.com/allegrobookcollection/about.html
A parallel development from the early1400s reached mass circulation in the 1840s and onwards. This was the Peep Showor Tunnel book, two flat pieces of card with concertina-folded paper scenes cut to any shapes, hand-coloured and usually housed in an outer sleeve. The cover has an eyehole or multiple level holes to peer through and experience a 3-D view. This medium was used to celebrate public events like the Great Exhibition in London and the opening of the Thames Tunnel in 1851. Tunnel Booksbecame the generic name for these souvenir and educational toy-books.
The Thames Tunnel Peepshow, London, London 1847 with 3 viewing peepholes.
Crystal Palace Peepshow Tunnel Book, Lane's of London, 1851 with single peephole.
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| : http://stranamasterov.ru/node/16435?tid=451%2C1411 |
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: http://sticksstonesnpaperstew.com/2009/05/17/basic-tunnel-book-tutorial/
: http://extremecards.blogspot.com/2008/08/how-to-make-tunnel-book.html
http://www.philobiblon.com/gbwarticle/hutchins1.PDF
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Extreme cards and Papercraftings :
http://extremecards.blogspot.com/2008/08/how-to-make-tunnel-book.html
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This card is two tunnel books, hinged together in the middle, with a pop out back.
Top view to show accordion pleats.
1.Kathryn Cody, Tunnel Book http://www.holycross.edu/departments/visarts/sschmidt/August7WebsiteStudBook/pages/KCody2.htm
http://www.heirloombooks.webeden.co.uk/
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Tunnel Map, silkscreened tunnel book, edition of 150, printed at Women's Studio Workshop
Everyday Road Signs, silkscreened edition of 50, 1988, printed at Women's Studio Wkshop
Loom, offset tunnel book, edition of 600, printed at Pyramid Atlantic Center
http://www.popularkinetics.com/gallery_page.html
, Ingrid Dijkers, - Tunnel book, : http://ingriddijkers.blogspot.com/ ,
Just a few photos right now of a new journal I am working on.
It's far from done, but I just couldn't wait to share a little.
This is "Under the Sea", part tunnel book with a strong SteamPunk influence. I am just beginning to add adapted illustrations from the original "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea".
I had far too much fun adding the bottles of "Specimens" from Captain Nemo's vast collection he has on board his underwater vessel.
This past year I have had such a busy teaching schedule that I have had so very little time to indulge in the making of many new journals. Next year I have decided to really cut back on the workshops so that I have more time to play.
Just wanted to share a few more spreads from "Under the Sea". I have begun using layers of images that are beginning to give the book a lot of depth.
I am still working on this Tunnel Book/Journal. I'm pleased with how it's coming along and look forward to having more time to work on it. There is an end in sight to finishing up with the major chore of revamping our kitchen. We have claimed this to be "The Year of the Major Appliance". Last time we had to replace all the major appliances in our home, we moved 5 months later ... ended up leaving most of them. Hope this isn't a repeat.
I just finished up this color version of the Alice inspired Tunnel Book "Through the Rabbit-Hole". I'm really not sure if I like this one or the other one in black and white best. As a result workshops will offer a choice of imagery in either black and white or in the more vintage colors.
http://ingriddijkers.blogspot.com/2009/11/tunnel-book-through-rabbit-hole.html
http://sfcb.org/blog/2011/06/28/tunnel-books-and-cutouts-by-pistolespress/
The beautiful handmade, hand-cut books by PistolesPress were among my first introduction to book arts. They were definitely my first introduction to tunnel books.
Tunnel books, or peepshow books, are books in which cutouts allow the viewer to see through several pages or the entire book to create an illusion of depth and create a stage-like scene. They are usually in concertina form, which allows the book to stand on its own for display, and for more space staggered between the pages. PistolesPress instead uses accordion books (as directly below), and codex-bound books (below that) with the cut-out pages staggered, to create scenes.
For more on different books types (and an example of a concertina book) see my previous post about it.
http://www.woodlandpapercuts.com/2010/10/2011-calendars.html
: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ufocinque/with/5491289879/#photo_5491289879
http://www.helenmusselwhite.co.uk/
Betina Pauly http://blog.bettina-pauly.com/
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: http://a.parsons.edu/~dezsoa/BOOKS_Tunnel1.html
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Made for the Millennium in a Box* project, this hand-cut and -folded tunnel book holds a tiny cosmos. Constructed from Classic Laid Duplex paper, it creates a mesmerizing vortex when opened. It also resembles a miniaturized art gallery space of sorts, with colourful images of the zodiac lining each side. Alongside these are dates marking apocalyptic predictions, the names of the “seers,” and the anticipated method of destruction. Offering infinite narratives — and many “endings,” but no end — this book gestures towards the repetitive rhythms of history, while critiquing the often dangerous human fascination with our own end, and the unquestioning “worship” of the latest trend, be it in the form of a theory, buzzword, charismatic personality, or material thing.
http://www.marykocol.com/artistbooks.htm
Sainte-Chapelle Tunnel Book, ©Mary Kocol
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This tunnel book is made of transparent and inkjet pages, designed after the
famous Gothic cathedral in Paris built 1240. Mixed media.
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tunnel book entitled ‘Fly Me To The Moon & Back’! An incredibly detailed little scene is made up of intricately cut paper concertinaed into a book form; so much visually & figuratively packed into a space of just 9 by 9 by 10 inches! Peek into the window & you get to play peeping tom in this mid century couple’s life of domestic bliss. Truly amazing work by Jenny Swearington, from the Appalachian mountains of North Carolina. An artist of many talents, including printmaking, clothing creation & textile design; more of her work is available at jennythreads http://scathinglybrilliantideas.wordpress.com/2009/07/29/things-i-think-are-scathingly-brilliant-jenny-swearington/
http://www.sarabande.com/pages/c_popups_tunnel.html
http://owlandlion.bigcartel.com/product/tunnel-books
http://www.bandjsartstamps.com/Kits/Kits_home.html
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