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1697 , (Christopher Wren).
1707 I . ...
1723 - - , , 15 .
1776 .
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1800 .
1803 .
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1804 . VII, , . .
1805 ( ) - , " ". , -, 86,5 (70 16,5 ) 318 . - .. ( 14 48 ), 4- , - .. ... ( 16 76 ). I, II -. , .., 1-, 2- 3- - .., .. .., - . ( 39,5 136 ). 5- - . ( 7 18 ), ( 10 40 ), . I 74,8 157 . ..., ., . 4- ... ( 12,8 25 ) ... .. ( 16,6 22 ). V ., . 45,3 110 . , - - . , . , , . , , . , . () , , , , . 5- . , , . , , - , , - . . - . 4- , , , , - ( 2- 3- , ). , . 20858 . 9777 . , 142 . 5922 ( 1686 ) 34 . , , 9181 (1389 , 7260 532 ).
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1829 . .
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1848 ( ) I . - , -. 1848 .
1851 , . 10 , III. .
1852 . III.
1854 , , - , 1853-1856.
1857 , .
1860 .
1863 .
1864 - .- .
1864 : , , ; , , ( ).
1866 - () . (). 1920 . . 1931 .
1870 .
1879 " " . "". 1990 . - "".
1879 "" (Borussia) . 165 .
1882 - .
1890 ().
1893 ( ). 1917 , 1921 , 1953 - (). XVII , 1815 ( - .). , , XIX , , . . 1893 . - . . . , , , , .
1900 200- , . , . 1956 .
1901 , - . , .
1901 , (King Camp Gillette) . 11 , , - . , : . - . , . , . , - , : ". ". . , , , . 8 25 , . , , , . . 1900- , . , , : " , ? , ". . ? , , - . . . - 1901 5 , . 1903 51 168 . 1904 - 91000 123000 . 1917 1 . 120 . .
1903 ().
1903 .
1904 () , 1905 .
1905 .
1908 () (-1);
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1912 .
1914
1917 , , .
1917 .
1917 .
1917 .. . , .
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1918 , .. " " ( ). .. " ", , . .., - ..-. , . 1100 , - 1100 , ; - 200 , - 250
1919 VIII ().
1919 " ". , . , , , -, , . 1926 . 1934 "" , . 1935 "" . "", , , , , , .. 1951 "" . , , .. 1954 "" . 1984 . "" . " "" , , , -1,5 "", , ..
1919 . .
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1920 .
1922 . - . , , , , , .
1922 , , , , .
1924 I .
1924 " ". " ", , . : ; .
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1924 - .
1926 , , .
1927 XV (), , .
1927 Ford Motor Company Ford ( ) - Waldorf Hotel 35 , .
1933 . - .
1934 ..
1935 . , .
1936 ;
1939 -
1939 - : " . , - , , " - " " .
1939 : " " "". , , .
1940 .
1940 -2 -88 - -2 - , . 1000 , ( ) 7,62, "" , ( ) , -2 , -2 vs -2. 1940 . -51 -1 ( ), -2. , . -2 . -82 ( -4). 1942 . -2 . 877 -2 -4.
1940 - .
1940 (2-10 ) .
1941 160- . .
1941 - . .., .
1941 - 8-9 . . . 1- -- 60-80 . 2- .
1941 - 22 , . 160- - , , .
1941 2 , , .
1942 , .
1942 , 1- -- 6080 ( - ), , .
1942 .
1942 .
1942 (23 ) 2- , . .
1942 335 1113 -... 8 5 . : 2 ; 15 .
1942 ( 1 4 ).
1942 - ...
1942 - ( "").
1942 . , .. ... -122. 1943 . . 22 . 7 .
1942
2559 2 . 38. .71 . 38-41
1943 2- .
1943 , - , 80 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , , , . . - , , , и, , , , , . - - .
1943 - -221(2) .., ..;
1943 () " - ", , " , " " " ".
1943 15 - ( ).
1943 .
1943
4712 2 . . ..181 . 93-94, 95-117
4714 2 . . 75 , - . .181 . 119
4715 2 . . "" 747 . .181 . 120
1944 .
1944 - .. -8 -2.
1944 - .. .
1944 , - , - .
1944 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . 3- , , , , , , - , 300 , , , , -, -, -, , , , , , , , , , , , , -, , , -, , , , , . - .
1944 , . , 1936, 1937 1938 . . 219 , 206 . , . , , . , I , , . .
1944 .. 10 - , ( 1955 .).
1944
7060 2 . . . .339 . 135
7061 2 . . 1944 . .339 . 136-137
1945 .
1945 .
1946 - ( 1 1947).
1948 White Sands ( -, ) -774.
1949 "" ( -, ) "Aerobee USAF-1". 96 .
1949 ,
1950 . " ".
1950 Vic Towee , . ' (Danny O'Sullivan) 14 10 , .
1951 - 613, . : ( 200 ), 10 , - 9 . , . . 70- .
1952 , , .
1952 . , . 2000 . , ( ) . 1989 .
1953 , - " ", 1947 .
1953 Edwards ( , ) X-1A . Charles Yeager. 1,5 .
1954 " ". , , 67 22 " ". , , , . , , , .
1954 Edwards ( , ) X-1 . Frank Everest.
1954 .. ..
1956 () ().
1956 . 81 . . - , , . , 30 000 . 1 1959 , , ( ?) 800 .
1957 .
1960 - , - , (), .
1961 , - .
1961 - .. -7 (-25)
1964 .
1964 . , . .
1967 (Jimmie Rodgers) (Honeycomb, Kisses Sweeter Than Wine) - . " ".
1967 , , "KH-4A-1044" (03024 / 1967 109A).
1968 , . Fairchild F-27B Wien Consolidated Airlines 11500 . . , . 39 .
1968 "Wonderwall Music" .
1969 -747 - 191 ( ) . : 71 ; 19.30 ; 60 ;
390 416; 890 - 920 /; 12900 ; 385,6 .
1969 "Delaney And Bonnie" .
1970 04:04 UTC , 132, - " 1165", - "-381" (04783 / 1970 102). " " : - 74 .; - 105 .; ( ) - 985 ; ( ) - 1023 .
1970 17:00 UTC , 81, - "- / ", " 7-1" (04786 / 1970 103). "-1" (. 2) : - 51,35 .; - 144 .; ( ) - 320 ; ( ) - 5040 . "-382". "7-1" - , "1-".
1970 , ,
1970 ( ) -38 (-36), ...
1971 , . (): - - , , , , , , . 83,600 . ( ), - 2,571,000 , 24%, 76% - , 30% , 20% , 12% , 10% - , 2% - , 1% - . (212 ) (97.8 . ). 2004 , , 90- - II -, 17 , - -.
1971 -25
1971 8:25 UTC , 86/4, - " 1163", "-5" (05641 / 1971 104). "-2-" : - 48,4 .; - 98,5 .; ( ) - 205 ; ( ) - 1200 .
1971 13:47 UTC "- 3" (05667 / 1971 049) . 45 158 . 1,5 . ( 20 ) . -2 -3 .
1971 17:30 UTC , 132/1, - " 1165", - "-461" (05643 / 1971 105). "-2-" (. 1) : - 69,2 .; - 94,6 .; ( ) - 490 ; ( ) - 524 .
1972 04:48 UTC - " 878", "-1-22" (06294 / 1972 095). : - 65 .; - 703 .; ( ) - 500 ; ( ) - 39100 .
1974 9:40 UTC - " 11511", "-16" (07561 / 1974 096). :
, , (2- ); , , (2- ). : , . - "" ( "Apollo" - ""). " 7-" : - 51,8 .; - 88,4 .; ( ) - 177 ; ( ) - 223 . 6 .
1974 "". 136 , - 23,5 . , - 18 (33 /).
1974 ,
1975 - .
1975 ( 14 ).
1975 "Queen" "A Night At The Opera" .
1975 Silver Convention "Fly, Robin, Fly" .
1976 ( .).
1976 00:14 UTC - " 1165", "-870" (09573 / 1976 115). "-" : - 74 .; - 95,3 .; ( ) - 514 ; ( ) - 560 .
1976 02:52 UTC - " 878", "-2-16" (09574 / 1976 116). : - 62,8 .; - 736 .; ( ) - 657 ; ( ) - 40608 .
1977 , . , - -154B Balkan Bulgarian Airlines , . , . 165 59.
1978 Beatles Collection, .
1978 (Rod Stewart) "Da Ya Think I'm Sexy" 1 .
1978 (Neil Diamond & Barbra Striesand) "You Don't Bring Me Flowers" 1 .
1979 .
1980 - - - , -. , 30 .
1981 " " 44 , -, . , .
1981 ( .).
1982 . (William C.DeVries) 61 , 112 ( 23 1983). , , -, . .
1982
1983 (Ozzy Osbourne) "Bark At The Moon".
1983 "Thriller" MTV.
1984 , , . . , , , .
1985 .
1986 06:57 (UTC) , 32, - "-3", "-1803" (17177 / 1986 094). "" : - 82,6 .; - 116 .; ( ) - 1502 .; ( ) - 1527 .
1988 , ( ).
1988 - .
1988 .
1988 14:30:00 (UTC) Cape Canaveral, 39B (MLP-1), "Space Shuttle" (m.27), STS-27 OV-104 "Atlantis 3" [STS-27R] (19670 / 1988 106)
(Robert Gibson), (Guy Gardner), (Jerry Ross), (William Shepherd) (Robert Mullane) . : - 56,99 .; - 93,52 .; ( ) - 445 .; ( ) - 453 . .
1988 "Atlantis" [STS-27R] "Lacrosse-1" (19671 / 1988 106). : - 57 .; - 93,5 .; ( ) - 466 .; ( ) - 477 .
1989 .. .
1989 , ().
1990 ( ) , - . 2004 . .
1990 6:49:00 (UTC) Cape Canaveral, 39B (MLP- 3), "Space Shuttle" (m.38), STS-35 OV-102 "Columbia 10" [STS-35R] (20980 / 1990 106A)
(Vance Brand), (Guy Gardner), (Samuel Durrance), (Jeffrey Hoffman), (John Lounge), (Robert Parker) (Ronald Parise) . : - 28,5 .; - 91,7 .; ( ) - 352 .; ( ) - 362 .
1990 . (Helmut Kohl) .
1990 8:13:32 (UTC) , 1, - " 115112", " -11" (20981 / 1990 107)
, (Toehiro Akiyama) . . " 7-", . 61 : - 51,6 .; - 92,2 .; ( ) - 367 .; ( ) - 400 . : .., .., .., .. (), . (), .., .., .., .., .., .., .. ().
1991 , .
1991 .
1991 - .