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Militaria. The way to military History* |
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new.runivers.ru/lib/book3202/10405/
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| Şahin Giray | |
|---|---|
| Khan of the Crimean Khanate | |
| Reign | 1777–1782, 1782-1783 |
| Born | 1745 |
| Birthplace | Edirne |
| Died | 1787 |
| Place of death | Rhodes |
| Buried | Rhodes |
| Predecessor | Devlet IV Giray, Bahadır II Giray |
| Royal House | Giray Dynasty |
| Father | Ahmed Giray |
| Mother | - |
Şahin Giray was the last Khan of Crimea. He was born in 1745 in Edirne. He studied in Greece and also in Venice. He reputedly spoke the Crimean Tatar language as well as Ottoman Turkish, Italian and Greek. When he was 20, his uncle Crimean Khan Qırım Giray called him back to the Crimea from his foreign school whereupon he was installed as the Commander of Nogai Horde. In 1770, Russia won a great battle against the Ottoman Empire and sought an alliance with the Crimean Khanate against the Turks. However, this proposal was strongly opposed by Selim Giray. Following this rebuke Russia launched a surprise attack on the Crimea forcing the Khan to send envoys to Saint Petersburg to sue for peace. During this mission Catherine II met Şahin Giray and wrote of him:
"The Crimean Prince is the most gentle Tatar, I have ever seen. He's very talented, good-looking and writes poetry. He wants to see and learn everything."
In 1776, Şahin Giray succeeded his uncle to become Khan of Crimea. During his brief reign he embarked on a program to re-build and modernise the Crimean Khanate. These reforms centred on the economy and government infrastructure but included opening factories and moving the capital from Bakhchisaray to the important trade city of Caffa .
Eventually under enormous pressure from Russian and facing the inevitability of defeat, he agreed to a Russian offer to incorporate the khanate in to the Russian Empire. Following this he was compelled to move to Saint Petersburg where he lived under house arrest. He appealed to be allowed to move to Edirne where he had spent much of his childhood. In 1787, Russia and the Ottoman Empire agreed to allow him to move to Edirne. This move was not the retirement he was expecting because the Turkish authorities saw him as a possible challenger to the imperial Ottoman throne. He was moved under arrest to Istanbul and then Rhodes where he was executed later that year.
His grandsons lived in Bursa, Istanbul and other Turkish cities.
URL=http://radikal.ru/F/s57.radikal.ru/i155/1010/3d/d8131fb127c4.jpg.html]
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www.mirknig.com/knigi/military_history/1181214803-sbornik-knig-aleksandra-shirokorada.html
www.zipsites.ru/me/military/AB_Shirokorad_Bitva_za_Chernoe_more/
www.zone-x.ru/DispetchShowPage.asp
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(Christian-Gottfried-Heinrich Geissler); . 1770 . . . ; a : 1. "Costumes, moeurs et coutumes des Russes, Dessines a St. Pbg. par Ch. G. H. Geissler, dessinateur attache a M. de Pallas, decrits par M. le Dr. I. G. Gruber, et traduite par M. de L... Leipzig". 4°. To , Leipzig 1801—3. C 40 . : "Geisler fec" 1, 2, 4—14, 16, 19—22, 25, 27, 28, 31—33, 35, 38—40; I.G. — 3. II. 10, 12, 13; , "Scheffaer fec": 15, 17, 18, 23, 24, 26, 29, 30, 34; : 36 — II. 1—9. 11.14—28. 2. "Sitten, Kleidungen und Gebraiiche der Russen aus den niedern standen. Leipzig. 1805"; 4°; c 28 . 3. "Spiele und Belustigungen der Russen aus den niedern Stande; von Geissler und I.G. Richter beschrieben. Leipzig 1805"; 4°. C 12 . 4. "Chatiments usites en Russie... Leipsic, 10 gravures". . ; 4°. — : 1. ; 2. (); ; 4. y ; 5. ; ; 6. ; 7. ; , , y ; 8. ( ) 9 . ; 10. : , . 5. "Die K. russ. Reiterei... Leipzig. 1813"; 4°. . 6. : "Russische Volkerschaften von LA. Begh". 7. " , 88 ". — - -. . 1793; 8°. 88 . : "Geissler s." .. . {}
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