|
, , , . , :
– ;
– , , ;
– ;
– ;
, , – , .
I.
( )
(. )
|
|
|
|
2800 | , | , 1982 | |
>600 | , | Scientific American 5 1852 | |
505–590 |
-, | , 1968 | |
360–408 |
, | , | , 1844 |
320–360 |
, | , | Times () 22 1844 |
312 | , | , 1971 | |
286–360 | , | Daily News (, ) 2 1897 | |
286–320 | , | The Geologist, , 1862 | |
286–320 | , , . | , | , 1938 |
286–320 | , | , 1979 | |
260–320 | , | Morrisonville Times 11 1891 | |
260–320 | , | , | , 1979 |
213-248 |
, 1922 | ||
150 |
Moscow News, 24 1983 | ||
65–144 |
---, | , | , 1910 |
50–55 | , | , | , 1910 |
45–55 | , | , | , 1862 |
38–45 | , | , 1883 | |
33–55 | , , | , 1880 | |
33–55 | , | , 1873 | |
26–54 | , | , 1907 | |
26–54 | , | , 1907 | |
26–30 | , | , 1907 | |
20–25 | , | , 1867 | |
12–25 | -, | , , , , | . , 1912 |
12–19 | , | , 1863 | |
12–19 | , | , 1871 | |
12–19 | , | , 1867 | |
12–19 | , | , 1876 | |
9–55 | , | , , , | , 1880 |
9–55 | , , | , | , 1880 |
9–55 | , | , 1880 | |
9–55 | , , | , 1880 | |
9–55 | , | (, ) | , 1891 |
9–10 | , | , 1982 | |
>8,7 | , | , 1880 | |
7–9 | , | , 1905 | |
5–25 | --, | , 1883 | |
5–25 | , | , 1872 | |
5–25 | , | , | , 1874 |
5–12 | -, | , 1894 | |
5–12 | , | , 1872 | |
5–12 | , | , , , , , | . , 1912 |
>5 | , -, | , 1880 | |
>5 | , -, | , 1880 | |
>5 | -, | (?) | , 1880 |
>5 | -, | (?) | , 1880 |
4–7 | , | , | , 1919 |
4–4,5 | , | , , | , 1967 |
3,6–3,8 | , | . , 1979 | |
3–5 | -, | , , , , | . , 1888 |
3–4 | , | , (3), | , 1880 |
3–4 | , | , 1867 | |
2,5–5,5 | , | , , , | , 1917, , 1935, , 1929 |
2,2–3 | , | , 1981 | |
2–4 | , | , | , 1889 |
2–4 | , | , 1907 | |
2–3 | , | , 1981 | |
2–3 | - , | , 1876 | |
2–3 | , | , 1871 | |
2–3 | , | , 1871 | |
2–3 | , | , , | , 1912 |
2–3 | , | , | ., 1915, . , 1914 |
2–3 | , | , 1921, , 1921 | |
2,5 | , | ( Homo hdbilis) | , 1981 |
2–2,5 | -, | , 1865 | |
2–2,5 | , | , 1873, , 1881 | |
2–2,5 | , | , | |
2–2,5 | , | , , | , 1927, , 1867 |
2 | , | , 1987 | |
2 | , | , 1912 | |
1,8 | -, | , 1986 | |
1,8 | , | , | , 1980 |
1,7–2 | , | , , , ( ), ( ) | . , 1971, . , 1960 |
1,7–2 | , | , | . , 1960 |
1,7 | , | , 1980 | |
1,5–2,5 | , | , 1984 | |
1,5–1,8 | -, | , 1974 | |
1,5 | , | , | , 1981 |
1,2–3,5 | , | , 1012 | |
1,2–1,5 | ' | , 1883 | |
1,2–2 | -, | , | , 1863, , 1883 |
1,15 | , | , 1914, | |
1–2,5 | -, | , 1912 | |
1–1,9 | , | -, 1924 | |
1–1,8 | , | , 1954, , 1973 | |
1–1,5 | -, | . , 1909 | |
0,83 | , | , 1973 | |
0,83 | , | , , | , 1911 |
0,4–1,75 | , , | , , | , 1927, , 1924 |
0,4–0,7 | , | , | . , 1963 |
0,4 | , | ( ) | . , 1933 |
0,33–0,6 | , | , 1928 | |
0,33 | -, | (?), | , 1895 |
0,33 | -, | (?) | , 1928 |
0,33 | , | (?) | , 1868 |
0,3–0,4 | -, | , , , , | , 1969 |
0,25–0,45 | , | , 1972 | |
0,25 | , | -, 1981 | |
0,25 | , - | Smithsonian Misc. Coll., . 99, 23 | |
0,2–0,4 | -, | ( 1000 ..) | , 1871 |
0,1–1 | , | , 1985 | |
0,1–1 | , | , 1985 | |
0,1 | , - | , | , 191 1 |
0,08–0,125 | , | , 1913 | |
0,03–2 | -, | , 1883 |
, , . , 12 000 (0,012 ) . , - , 10 000 .
II.
( )
(. )
|
|
|
|
0,3 – 0,75 | , | , 1988 | |
0,28 – 0,35 | -, | -, 1981 | |
0,2-0,5 | , | , 1986 | |
0,2-0,3 | --, | ., 1988 | |
0,12-0,19 | , | , 1940 | |
0,08–0,09 | -, -, | , 1957 | |
0,08 | , | , 1986 | |
0,07 | , - | , 1977 | |
0,06–0,12 | , | . , 1972 | |
>0,05 | , | . , 1872 | |
>0,04 | - | , , | Science News, 1977 , 1978 |
0,04 | , | , 1986 | |
0,03 | -, | , | , 1986 |
0,03 | -----, | , | , 1986 |
* * *