kakula
1948
(Ivars Edmunds Kalniņš)
.
1 1948 (). 1974 . , ..
1972 ., -. (1978). : (1972), (1979, ), (1979, ), (1981), 36-80 (1982), (1982), (1984), (1984), (1985), (1987), (1991), (1992), (1992), (1996).
.
1923
( 1954), - ( 1989) , (1982).
1945 . - . , . 1954 . , , !, , , , .
(1975). Ȼ (2000).
20 2007 .
, ! ( , !, , ), . , . ! - , , , , , , , .
1936
- ( - -)
, .
, . , , 17 . . 1957 . , - - . - . - , .
1962 - .
- 1964 - Y.
, . .
1971 - '40s. - . 1977 - . 1999 - , 2002 - . . 1 2008 .
1890
, , (1938). . 1916 . 2- , 1924 . . : (1926), 14-69 (1927, ..) .., (1931), (1935) . 1933-1937 . . 1937-1944 . . : (1940), (1941, ..), (1942), (1943) . - , (1946-1948), (1948-1952) . 1930-1956 . . . (1942, 1951). 2 , . 1 1969 .
1957
, . . . 1977 . , 1982 - . ( . .. - " "). -. , . : (1984), Subway Culture: The Third Russian Opera (1986), (1987). 1987 - . 1988 . , (" "), ("") .
1961
, , ( ), ( , , ), ( ) .
. 1982 . . ., . 1990-, , , 1995 . . - . . - (Northwestern University, ). 1994 . (-) : : O .
1929
, . (1964). - (1964). 1968 1972 .
. 1951 .. (1964). - (1964). , 1981 ( .) "- ", . 1968 . 1972
1925
(), - .
. 1942 . . 1944 972- 72- 5- 3- , . ʸ ( ). 1945 : , . , , . 1953 , 1958 . . 40 : , . , 50 . . 30 , , , , , . .
.. , .
(). 25 2000 . 2- . . (8 1991), 1- 2- , (14 1944), .
.. ( , 12/2) .
1931
, (1977). ( ..).
250- . (, , ), , , , , , , ( . ), , . (1982).
1822
, , , .
. , , . . , . 1850, , , , .
, , . .. .. , . . 1843. 18441846 , . , , , (1845), , , . (18451846), ( , 1846, , 1846 . ). 1850 .. , , , . , . 1856 , .
18521857 ... (1857) , ... ( , ...), .. .
.. (, ), 18571858 , .
. .
, : , , -, . . - 7 1864 .
1858
, , , . , . 1871 (, ). , .. , .
18821884 - ... .., .., ... . .., . 19051913 . 20 . , . ., ( 19011909). . ( ), 1415 . .
. , , , . ( .. : , - .. .)
8 1929 .
1878
(Georg Gakkenshmidt)
, .
-. . . 8 - 9 , , .
1896 . 18 - . 1896 " ".
- - 1898 , . " " : " , , , . , , , , . . " ..."
- . . . 1898 , , 116 . 1899 - 127 . 1900 , , , 975 . , " " "... - ." . " ", "", "", "", "", " " .. " . , - 20 . . .
, . 1909 " " ( - " "), . 1929 , 6 . ... . , , - . 30- : " ", " " . , , , . - , , . 19 1968 .
1877
(Charlotte Marion Hughes)
, , , - . , 115 228 .
Ÿ . Ÿ . 13 . , 63 , . Ÿ . , 1979 88 . , 115 , , . .
, 1985 - . , 1988 , , 1992 .
, ( 114 360 ) 114 , (18841999) 115 8 , - .
Marske-by-the-Sea 1991 , , , . , . , 1870- . 17 1993 .